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Basic Concepts: Line Configuration Topology Transmission Mode Categories of Networks Internetworks

This document discusses basic networking concepts including line configurations, topologies, transmission modes, and categories of networks. It describes point-to-point and multipoint line configurations. Common topologies include mesh, star, tree, bus, ring, and hybrid variations. Transmission modes are simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex. Networks are categorized by size and include local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs) which can interconnect to form internetworks.

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113 views

Basic Concepts: Line Configuration Topology Transmission Mode Categories of Networks Internetworks

This document discusses basic networking concepts including line configurations, topologies, transmission modes, and categories of networks. It describes point-to-point and multipoint line configurations. Common topologies include mesh, star, tree, bus, ring, and hybrid variations. Transmission modes are simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex. Networks are categorized by size and include local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs) which can interconnect to form internetworks.

Uploaded by

megapuspitha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2

Basic Concepts
Line Configuration
Topology
Transmission Mode
Categories of Networks
Internetworks

Line Configuration
defines the attachment of communication devices to a link

a link is a physical communication pathway that transfers data


from one device to another

Line Configuration
Point-to-point

A dedicated link between two devices, i.e. the entire capacity of


the channel is reserved for transmission

e.g. wire

Line Configuration
Point-to-point

A dedicated link between two devices, i.e. the entire capacity of


the channel is reserved for transmission

e.g. wire

Line Configuration
Point-to-point

A dedicated link between two devices, i.e. the entire capacity of


the channel is reserved for transmission

e.g. microwave and satellite links, etc.

Line Configuration
Multipoint (aka multidrop)

more than two devices share a single link

spatially shared several devices can share the link simultaneously


time-shared devices take turn to use the link

Topology
defines the physical or logical arrangement of links in a
network

geometric representation of the relationship of all links and nodes

Topology - Mesh
each node has a dedicated point-to-point link to every
other node

Topology Mesh
Advantages

each connection can carry its own data load eliminating traffic
problems
if one link becomes unusable, it does not incapacitate the entire
system robust
a dedicated line guarantees security
easy fault identification and fault isolation - reroutable

Disadvantages

the amount of cabling and number of i/o ports required


expensive

Topology Star
Each device has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a
central controller (or hub).

Topology Star
Advantages

only one link and one I/O port required per device
less expensive than mesh topology
if one link fails, only that link is affected robust
easy fault identification and fault isolation (as long as the hub is working)

Disadvantages

if the hub fails, the network is down


requires more cabling than tree, ring and bus topologies

Topology Tree
A variation of a star majority of devices are connected to
secondary hubs (active/passive) than a central hub (active).

Topology Tree
Advantages

generally similar to star


secondary hubs allow more devices to be connected increase
the distance
allows the network to isolate and prioritize communications from
different computers

Disadvantages

generally similar to star

Topology Bus
One long cable (the backbone) link all the devices in the
network multipoint

Topology Bus
Advantages

easy installation
use less cabling than mesh, star or tree

Disadvantages

difficult reconfiguration and fault isolation


a fault or break in the bus cable stops all transmission

Topology Ring
Each device is linked only to its immediate neighbors

Topology Ring
Advantages

each device incorporates a repeater


easy to install and reconfigure

Disadvantages

in unidirectional traffic, a break in the ring can disable the entire


network (some implementations use a dual ring or a switch)

Topology Hybrid
combination of several topologies as subnetworks linked
together in a larger topology.

Transmission Modes
the direction of signal flow between two linked
devices.

Transmission Mode
simplex the communication is unidirectional only of the two
devices on a link can transmit, the other receive

Transmission Mode
half-duplex each device can both transmit and receive, but not
at the same time.

Transmission Mode
full-duplex (or duplex) both devices can transmit and
receive simultaneously

Categories of Networks
Determined by its size, ownership, distance covered and
physical architecture

Local Area Network (LAN)


Usually privately owned and links the devices in a single
office,
building or
campus

Local Area Network (LAN)


Size limited to a few
kilometers
Common topologies
are bus, ring and
star
High data rate
4/10/16 Mbps to
100 Mbps or
gigabits

Metropolitan Area
Network (MAN)
Extend over entire city, may be wholly owned by a private
company, popular service SMDS

Wide Area Network (WAN)


long-distance transmission over large geographical areas
(continent/world)
utilize public,
leased or private
communication in
combinations
An enterprise
network is a WAN
owned by one
company

Internetworks
internet network of networks

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