CSC 118

Fundamentals of Algorithm
Development

Chapter 1
Overview of a
computer
system

Chapter 1 Objectives

Recognize
Recognizethe
theimportance
importanceof
of
computer
computerliteracy
literacy

Identify
Identifythe
theSystem
SystemUnit
Unitand
andmemory
memory

Identify
Identifythe
thecomponents
componentsof
of
aacomputer
computer
Identify
Identifythe
thecomputer
computerhardware
hardware
Identify
Identifythe
thecategories
categoriesof
ofsoftware
software

Discuss
Discussvarious
variouscomputer
computer
applications
applicationsin
insociety
society

Next

A World of Computers
What is computer literacy?

Knowledge and understanding

of computers and their uses
Computers are everywhere

p. 2 - 3 Fig. 1-1

Next

What Is a Computer?
How is a computer defined?

Electronic device operating under the control of

instructions stored in its own memory

Accepts data
Raw facts, figures, and
symbols

Processes data into

information
Data that is organized,
meaningful, and useful

Produces and stores results

p. 3

Next

Advantages and Disadvantages

of Using Computers
What are the advantages of using computers?

Speed

Reliability

Storage

p. 5

Consistency

Communications

Next

Advantages and Disadvantages

of Using Computers
What are the disadvantages of using computers?

Violationof
Privacy
Impacton
LaborForce

p. 5

PublicSafety

HealthRisks

Impacton
Environment

Next

What Is a Computer?
What is the information processing cycle?

Input
Process
Output
Storage
Communication

p. 4 - 5 Fig. 1-2

Next

The Components of a Computer

What is an input device?

Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Input Devices
below Chapter 1
p. 6 Fig. 1-3

Next

The Components of a Computer

What is an output device?

Hardware that
conveys
information
to one or more
people

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Output Devices
below Chapter 1
p. 6 - 7 Fig. 1-3

Next

The Components of a Computer

What is the system unit?

Case containing
electronic
components of
the computer
that are used to
process data

p. 6 - 7 Fig. 1-3

Next

The Components of a Computer

What are two main components on the motherboard?
Processor
Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The electronic component that interprets and carries
out the basic instructions that operate the computer

Memory
Consists of electronic components that store
instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by
those instructions
p. 7

Next

The Components of a Computer

What is storage?

Holds data, instructions, and information

for future use
Storage
Storagemedia
media

Physical
Physicalmaterial
materialon
onwhich
whichdata,
data,instructions,
instructions,
and
andinformation
informationare
arestored
stored

Storage
Storagedevice
device

Records
Recordsand
andretrieves
retrievesitems
itemstotoand
andfrom
from
aastorage
storagemedium
medium

p. 7

Next

The Components of a Computer

What is storage media?
HardDisks

CDs

USBFlashDrives

MemoryCards
p. 7

DVDs
Next

The Components of a Computer

What is a storage device?
Retrieves
Retrieves
(reads)
Records(writes)
(reads)
Records(writes)
itemstostorage
itemsfrom
itemstostorage
itemsfrom
media
storage
media
storage
media
media
Oftenfunction
Oftenfunction
asasource
asasource
ofinput
ofinput

p. 7

Next

The Components of a Computer

What is a USB flash drive?

Portablestoragedevice
Portablestoragedevice

Smallandlightweightenough
Smallandlightweightenough
tobetransportedonakeychain
tobetransportedonakeychain
orinapocket
orinapocket

TheaverageUSBflashdrive
TheaverageUSBflashdrive
canholdabout500million
canholdabout500million
characters
characters

p. 7

Next

The Components of a Computer

What is a hard disk?

Provides greater storage

capacity than a
USB flash drive

Most are housed inside

of the system unit

p. 7 Fig. 1-4

Next

The Components of a Computer

What is a compact disc?

Flat, round, portable metal disc

p. 7 Fig. 1-5

CD-ROM
DVD-ROM

Next

The Components of a Computer

What is a communications device?
Hardwarecomponentthat
Hardwarecomponentthat
enablesacomputerto
enablesacomputerto
sendandreceivedata,instructions,
sendandreceivedata,instructions,
andinformation
andinformation

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Communications
Devices below Chapter 1
p. 8

Occursovercables,telephone
Occursovercables,telephone
lines,cellularradionetworks,
lines,cellularradionetworks,
satellites,andother
satellites,andother
transmissionmedia
transmissionmedia

Next

Computer Software
What is software?

Consistsofaseries
Consistsofaseries
ofinstructionsthat
ofinstructionsthat
tellsthecomputer
tellsthecomputer
whattodoand
whattodoand
howtodoit
howtodoit

p. 10

Alsocalleda
Alsocalleda
program
program

Next

Computer Software
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

Allows you to
interact with the
software using
graphics and visual
images such as
icons
Controls how you
enter data and
instructions and
how the screen
displays
information

p. 10 Fig. 1-8

Next

Computer Software
What is system software?

Programs that control or maintain the operations of

the computer and its devices

Operating
OperatingSystem
System(OS)
(OS)
isisaaset
setof
ofprograms
programs
that
thatcoordinates
coordinatesall
all
activities
activitiesamong
among
computer
computerhardware
hardware
devices
devices

p. 10 - 11

Utility
UtilityPrograms
Programsallow
allowthe
theuser
usertoto
perform
performmaintenance-type
maintenance-typetasks
tasks
usually
usuallyrelated
relatedtotomanaging
managingaa
computer,
computer,its
itsdevices
devicesor
orits
itsprograms
programs

Next

Computer Software
What is application software?

Programs designed to make

users more productive
Word
Processing

Spreadsheet

Database

Presentation
Graphics

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Application Software
below Chapter 1
p. 11 Fig. 1-9

Next

Computer Software
How do you install and run programs?
Step1:INSTALL
Whenyouinsertagreeting
cardprogramdisc
intheCDdriveforthefirst
time,thecomputer
beginstheprocedureof
installingthegreeting
cardprogramonthehard
disk.
Step3:USE
Thegreetingcardprogram
executes.Usingthisprogram,
youcancreatecustomgreeting
cards.

p. 12 Fig. 1-10

Step2:RUN
Onceinstalled,youcan
instructthecomputertorun
thegreetingcardprogram.
Thecomputertransfers
instructionsfromthehard
disktomemory.

Next

Computer Software
What is a programmer?

Someone who develops

application or system
software

p. 12 Fig. 1-11

Programmer writes
the instructions to
direct the computer to
process data into
information

Next

Computer Applications in
Society
What are some examples
of computer applications
in society?

Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing

p. 22-25 Figs. 1-301-37

Next

Summary of Introduction to
Computers
The
Thecomputer
computerand
andits
itscomponents
components
What
Whatisisaanetwork?
network?

Categories
Categoriesof
ofcomputers
computers
Types
Typesof
ofcomputer
computerusers
users

The
TheInternet
Internet
Computer
Computerapplications
applicationsin
insociety
society
Types
Typesof
ofsoftware
software

Chapter 1 Complete