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Stability Analysis

This document discusses power system stability. It defines stability as a system's ability to regain equilibrium after a disturbance. It classifies stability into three types: rotor angle stability, voltage stability, and frequency stability. Transient stability deals with maintaining synchronism after large disturbances like faults. The equal area criterion can be used to assess transient stability of a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system without solving swing equations. It involves comparing the accelerating and decelerating areas on the power-angle curve. Sudden changes in mechanical input also affect stability based on equal areas before and after the change.

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271 views

Stability Analysis

This document discusses power system stability. It defines stability as a system's ability to regain equilibrium after a disturbance. It classifies stability into three types: rotor angle stability, voltage stability, and frequency stability. Transient stability deals with maintaining synchronism after large disturbances like faults. The equal area criterion can be used to assess transient stability of a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system without solving swing equations. It involves comparing the accelerating and decelerating areas on the power-angle curve. Sudden changes in mechanical input also affect stability based on equal areas before and after the change.

Uploaded by

SandeepReddyGoluguri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Stability Analysis

S. Meikandasivam

Stability - Definition
A dynamic phenomenon in a power system is, as said above,
initiated by a disturbance in the system. Such a disturbance could
as an example be that a line impedance is changed due to an
external cause. The behaviour of the system after this disturbance
depends of course on a how large this disturbance is. A small
disturbance results usually in small transients in the system that
are quickly damped out, while a larger disturbance will excite larger
oscillations.
The IEEE/CIGRE Joint Task Force on stability terms and conditions
have proposed the following definition in 2004:
Power System stability is the ability of an electric power system,
for a given initial operating condition, to regain a state of operating
equilibrium after being subjected to a physical disturbance, with
most system variables bounded, so that practically the entire
system remains intact.

Classification

From Prabha Kundu

Swing Equations

POWER ANGLE RELATIONSHIP IN A SMIB


SYSTEM

Power flow equation in Salient pole model:

Steady state stability limit, which is defined as the maximum power


that can be transmitted in steady state without loss of synchronism,

TRANSIENT STABILITY
Transient stability is the ability of the system to remain stable under large
disturbances like short circuits, line outages, generation or load loss etc.
Transient stability analysis deals with actual solution of the nonlinear
differential equations describing the dynamics of the machines and their
controls and interfacing it with the algebraic equations describing the
interconnections through the transmission network.
Since the disturbance is large, linearized analysis of the swing equation
(which describes the rotor dynamics) is not possible.
Further, the fault may cause structural changes in the network, because
of which the power angle curve prior to fault, during the fault and post
fault may be different.
Due to these reasons, a general stability criteria for transient stability
cannot be established.
Stability can be established, for a given fault, by actual solution of the
swing equation.
The time taken for the fault to be cleared (by the circuit breakers) is
called the clearing time.
Critical clearing time is the maximum time available for clearing the
fault, before the system loses stability.

EQUAL- AREA CRITERION


Transient stability assessment
of an SMIB system is possible
without resorting to actual
solution of the swing equation,
by a method known as equal
area criterion.
In a SMIB system, if the system
is unstable after a fault is
cleared,
(t)
increases
indefinitely with time, till the
machine loses synchronism.
In contrast, in a stable system,
(t) reaches a maximum and
then starts reducing as shown
in Figure.

The integral gives the area under the


Pa curve.
A SMIB system is stable, if the area
under the Pa curve, becomes zero
at some value of .
This means that the accelerating
(positive) area under Pa curve,
must equal the decelerating
(negative) area under Pa curve.

SUDDEN CHANGE IN MECHANICAL


INPUT

Under steady state/initial condn.


Pm = Pe
Pmo, delo , ws at point a.
Sudden increase in input power Pm1
Accr. Power Increases, Del increases,
and
Pe electrical power Increases.
The area A1, during acceleration is
given by

At b, even though the accelerating power is zero, the rotor is running


above synchronous speed.
Hence, and Pe increase beyond b, wherein Pe < Pm1 and the rotor is
subjected to deceleration.
The rotor decelerates and speed starts dropping, till at point d, the
machine reaches synchronous speed and = max.
The area A2, during deceleration is given by

By equal area criterion A1 = A2. The rotor would then oscillate


between 0 and max at its natural frequency.
However, damping forces will reduce subsequent swings and the
machine finally settles down to the new steady state value 1 (at
point b).
Stability can be maintained only if area A2 at least equal to A1,
can be located above Pm1. The limiting case is shown in Fig.5.9,
where A2 is just equal to A1.

13, 90, 131, 19, 136, 14, 24, 59, 38,


191, 79, 181, 61, 202, 248, 165, 133,
157, 46, 185, 183, 250,257, 20, 108

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