Stability Analysis
Stability Analysis
S. Meikandasivam
Stability - Definition
A dynamic phenomenon in a power system is, as said above,
initiated by a disturbance in the system. Such a disturbance could
as an example be that a line impedance is changed due to an
external cause. The behaviour of the system after this disturbance
depends of course on a how large this disturbance is. A small
disturbance results usually in small transients in the system that
are quickly damped out, while a larger disturbance will excite larger
oscillations.
The IEEE/CIGRE Joint Task Force on stability terms and conditions
have proposed the following definition in 2004:
Power System stability is the ability of an electric power system,
for a given initial operating condition, to regain a state of operating
equilibrium after being subjected to a physical disturbance, with
most system variables bounded, so that practically the entire
system remains intact.
Classification
Swing Equations
TRANSIENT STABILITY
Transient stability is the ability of the system to remain stable under large
disturbances like short circuits, line outages, generation or load loss etc.
Transient stability analysis deals with actual solution of the nonlinear
differential equations describing the dynamics of the machines and their
controls and interfacing it with the algebraic equations describing the
interconnections through the transmission network.
Since the disturbance is large, linearized analysis of the swing equation
(which describes the rotor dynamics) is not possible.
Further, the fault may cause structural changes in the network, because
of which the power angle curve prior to fault, during the fault and post
fault may be different.
Due to these reasons, a general stability criteria for transient stability
cannot be established.
Stability can be established, for a given fault, by actual solution of the
swing equation.
The time taken for the fault to be cleared (by the circuit breakers) is
called the clearing time.
Critical clearing time is the maximum time available for clearing the
fault, before the system loses stability.