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Voltage Surge Protection-1

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228 views17 pages

Voltage Surge Protection-1

Test Upload

Uploaded by

Shawn Sagar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE314|Electrical Systems

Design
ELECTRICAL SAFETY: Voltage
Surge Protection

Course Coordinator & Lecturer: Mr.


Hamendra Reddy

Contents

EE
314

Overcurrent protection
Earth leakage protection
Overcurrent vs Overvoltage
protection
Standards requirements
Circuits

2014 H.Reddy, The University of the South Pacific

So far in overcurrent
EE
protection
314
Overcurrent protection
Reduce chances of fire: Causes i2Rt heat in conductors that
could lead to fire if not managed well.
Protection against electrical shock (ventricular
fibrillation): Circuit breaker/fuses work best for severe overload
(worst case being short circuit condition) when fault currents
reach over 5x rated value.
Breaker time is stipulated by all international standards (AS 3000/BS
7671) as 0.4 seconds for final sub-circuits where portable hand held
apparatus would be plugged in. and 5 seconds for other circuits.

Circuit breaker is only protects human life in the circumstances


when human body bridges active an neutral. HOWEVER,
protection depends on the circuit breaker type or setting at the
source end of the circuit.

Hence it can be safely concluded that C/B an/or fuses (the


device that is equipped to detect overcurrent mainly
suffices fire protection)
3

2014 H.Reddy, The University of the South Pacific

Human Protection and


EE
Earthing
314
Earthing circuit
A redundant conducted reticulated in the low voltage AC
wiring that it connected to all exposed and accessible
conducting parts of appliances and fixtures to allow low
impedance path if active to earth breakdown occurs. This
will allow the circuit breaker to detect the fault easily.
Earthing also allows any unbalanced currents (in 3-phase)
and leakage currents to exit.

Leakage currents can occur in heaters between heating


elements and the appliance body since they are mainly made
of metals. Standards require a minimum resistance of 10
kiloOhms.
Human protection against electrical shock
A residual current device (RCD) is used with a general setting of any earth
leakage more then 10mA should isolate the circuit within 0.4seconds. It detects
the vector difference between the active and neutral currents. So anyone
touching just the active conductor will have currents flowing to ground therefore
there will be a difference between active and neutral currents.
4

2014 H.Reddy, The University of the South Pacific

Voltage Surge Protection and


IEEE & ANSI C62.41.2

EE
314

What causes voltage surges?

Large starting currents in adjacent circuits.


Transient surges.
LIGHTNING!

How does it affect circuits?


Higher voltages means providing larger potential for the
charge to flow effectively pushing the components
beyond limits before they breakdown.

IEEE & ANSI C62.41.2


recommended surge protection levels for indoor and outdoor
electronic equipment connected to the mains power lines.
for outdoor applications, requires the recommended surge protection
level of 6 kV/3 kA for low exposure conditions and, 10 kV/10 kA for
high exposure conditions.
5

2014 H.Reddy, The University of the South Pacific

Voltage Surge Protection and


IEEE & ANSI C62.41.2

EE
314

SPD connection scheme

Source: Philips Application Notes: Protecting LED systems in accordance with IEEE &
ANSI C62.41.2; Transient Surge Requirements; 2011
6

2014 H.Reddy, The University of the South Pacific

Voltage Surge Protection and


IEEE & ANSI C62.41.2

EE
314

SPD connection scheme

Source: Philips Application Notes: Protecting LED systems in accordance with IEEE &
ANSI C62.41.2; Transient Surge Requirements; 2011
7

2014 H.Reddy, The University of the South Pacific

Voltage Surge Protection and


IEEE & ANSI C62.41.2

EE
314
Category C SPD

Standard tests

1.2/50 s
Voltage
generator

Exposure

Minimium
open-circuit
voltage
evaluation
to be applied
to SPD

Optional test

100 kHz Ring


8/20 s Current Wave for
generator
front-of-wave
response
Current to be
Minimium
driven
open-circuit
through the
voltage
SPD
evaluation

Low
The scope of these tests6kV
is limited to SPDs, in contrast
tests
3kA with all the other recommended
6kV
that may be applied to equipment other than SPDs.
10kV
10kA
6kA with a
High
Values shown for the current
are applicable for each
phase of the SPD. In contrast
test applied to equipment for the purpose of assessing its response to the surge environment,
a test applied to characterize the performance of an SPD requires that the specified current
be driven through the SPD. For the low exposure, this can be accomplished with a typical
Combination Wave generator. For the high exposure, two
separate generators, in two successive tests, must be used to apply the specified values.
For low exposure tests, if a Combination Wave generator is used instead of two separate
generators, the generator charging voltage has to be adjusted to obtain the stated current
8 2014 H.Reddy, The University of the South Pacific
amplitude.

Voltage Surge Protection and


IEEE & ANSI C62.41.2

EE
314

Combination wave open circuit


voltage

Source: Philips Application Notes: Protecting LED systems in accordance with IEEE &
ANSI C62.41.2; Transient Surge Requirements; 2011
9

2014 H.Reddy, The University of the South Pacific

EE
314

Voltage Surge Protection and


IEEE & ANSI C62.41.2

SPD categories staircase

Source: Philips Application Notes: Protecting LED systems in accordance with IEEE &
ANSI C62.41.2; Transient Surge Requirements; 2011
10

2014 H.Reddy, The University of the South Pacific

EE
314

Voltage Surge Protection and


IEEE & ANSI C62.41.2

Voltage Surge Protection Types ANSI/UL 1449-2006.


Type 1- A permanently connected SPD intended for installation between
the secondary of the service transformer and the line side of the service
disconnect overcurrent device, as well as the load side, including watthour meter socket enclosures and intended to be installed without an
external overcurrent protective device. Also previously known as surge
arrestors with rating of 10kA ~ 20kA for discharge current
Type 2- A permanently connected SPD intended for installation on the
load side of the service disconnect overcurrent device, including SPDs
located at the branch panel. <1000V. Previously known as transient
voltage surge suppressor (TVSS).
Type 3- Point of utilization SPDs, installed at a minimum conductor
length of 10 meters (30 feet) from the electrical service panel; e.g. cord
connected, direct plug-in, receptacle type SPDs installed at the utilization
equipment being protected. The distance (10 meters) is exclusive of the
conductors provided with or used to attach the SPD.
Type 4- Component SPDs, including discrete components as well as
component assemblies. Must be tested for the installed location, i.e. Type
1, Type 2, Type 3.
11

2014 H.Reddy, The University of the South Pacific

Voltage Surge Protection and


IEEE & ANSI C62.41.2

EE
314Parameters to consider when selecting voltage SPD

Nominal voltage should match the utility system voltage where the device is to be
installed
MCOV The Maximum Continuous Operating Voltage, this is the maximum voltage the device
can withstand before conduction (clamping) begins. It is higher than the nominal system
voltage.
Nominal Discharge Current (In) is the peak value of current, selected by the
manufacturer, through the SPD having a current waveshape of 8/20 where the SPD remains
functional after 15 surges.
VPR Voltage Protection Rating. A rating per UL 1449 Third edition, signifying the rounded
up average measured limiting voltage of an SPD when the SPD is subjected to the surge
produced by a 6 kV, 3 kA 8/20 s combination waveform generator. VPR is a clamping voltage
measurement that is rounded up to one of a standardized table of values. The standard VPR
ratings include 330, 400, 500, 600, 700, etc. As a standardized rating system, VPR allows the
direct comparison between like SPDs (i.e. same Type and Voltage).
SCCR Short Circuit Current Rating. The suitability of an SPD for use on an AC power circuit
that is capable of delivering not more than a declared rms symmetrical current at a declared
voltage during a short circuit condition. SCCR is not the same as AIC (Amp Interrupting
Capacity). SCCR is the amount of available current that the SPD can be subjected to and
safely disconnect from the power source under short circuit conditions. The amount of current
interrupted by the SPD is typically significantly less than the available current.
Enclosure rating ensures that the NEMA rating of the enclosure matches the
environmental conditions at the location where the device is to be installed.
12

2014 H.Reddy, The University of the South Pacific

EE
314

Voltage Surge Protection and


IEEE & ANSI C62.41.2

MOV connection scheme

Source: Philips Application Notes: Protecting LED systems in accordance with IEEE &
ANSI C62.41.2; Transient Surge Requirements; 2011
13

2014 H.Reddy, The University of the South Pacific

EE
314

Voltage Surge Protection and


IEEE & ANSI C62.41.2

Traditional circuit for SPD

Source: EDN magazine: A circuit simplification for AC power supply surge


protection devices
14

2014 H.Reddy, The University of the South Pacific

EE
314

Voltage Surge Protection and


IEEE & ANSI C62.41.2

Simplified circuit for SPD

Source: EDN magazine: A circuit simplification for AC power supply surge


protection devices
15

2014 H.Reddy, The University of the South Pacific

Voltage Surge Protection and


IEEE & ANSI C62.41.2

EE
314

GDT vs MOV
MOV

GDT

Fast response

Slower response (gas


needs to be

Lower ratings
Lower life cycle

3kA/20us waveform joule dissipation is required

Source: EDN magazine: A circuit simplification for AC power supply surge


protection devices
16

2014 H.Reddy, The University of the South Pacific

Voltage Surge Protection and


IEEE & ANSI C62.41.2

EE
314

Circuit

3kA/20us waveform joule dissipation is required

Source: Wikipedia
17

2014 H.Reddy, The University of the South Pacific

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