Introduction to
Spreadsheets
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Information Technology
Terms you need to know
(need to know these for use in the program and on a test)
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Rows
Columns
Range
Cells
Active Cell
Cell Address
Workbook
Worksheet
Labels
Numeric Labels
Values
Mathematical
Operators
Orders of Operation
Equation Formula
Function Formula
Microsoft Excel
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A program which allows your to perform
complex mathematical operations in an
organized manner without using a handheld
calculator.
Microsoft Excel Layout
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Tabs
Ribbon
Groups
What is a Spreadsheet?
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A Spreadsheet is a grid of rows and
columns containing numbers and text.
Columns
R
o
w
s
The Size of the Spreadsheet
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Number of Rows
1,048,576
Number of Columns
16,384
Some terms
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Workbook
Worksheet
An Excel file
One page in an
that contains
Excel workbook
single or multiple
worksheets
Rows vs. Columns
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Rows
Identified by
1,2,3, etc. and
goes across the
spreadsheet
horizontally
Columns
Identified by
A,B,C and goes
across the
spreadsheet
vertically.
Cell
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This is where a row and column meet. Each
cell has a cell coordinate.
Examples of this are A1, C5, Z34
Label-Value-Range
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Label- Alphanumeric data that describes the
values that follow and cannot be used in a
calculation.
Value - Numeric data that can be used in
calculations
Range-A rectangular group of adjacent
cells.
Columns
ActiveCell
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R
o
Range
w
(A3:A6)
s
Range(A8:C8)
CellAddress
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Label
19992000
Numeric
Label
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Label
Label
Label
Label
Numeric Label
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
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Whatisthis
called?
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It is called the active
cell...
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One page of your work in an
Excel workbook is called..
AWorksheet..
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Noticethattherearemultiple
worksheetsinthisworkbook.Default
numberis3worksheets
To Insert a new worksheet right click on the tab and choose Insert.
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Tochangethenameofaworksheet
rightclickonthetabandselect
Rename.UsetheInserttabtoadd
worksheetssothereare6.
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Last Question...
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Numeric data that can be used
in calculations are called..
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Values
Mathematical
Operators
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Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Orders of Operation
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Parenthesis
Exponents
Multiplication
Division
Addition
Subtraction
Two Types of Formulas
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A formula is an instruction to calculate a
number.
Equation Formulas
Use mathematical operators (+, -, *)
Function Formulas
All Formulas begin with an equal sign
Use function names (SUM, AVERAGE, MAX)
Equation Formulas
To add
=cell+cell+cell
To subtract
=cell-cell
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Oranycombinationofmath
operators:
Example=A1*10
Example:=(A1+B3)*B7+10
To multiply
=cell*cell
To Divide
= cell/cell
4
A1=10
B3=2
B7=5
Function Formulas
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=function name(cell:cell)
Function Names
SUM - adds a range of cells
AVERAGE - finds the average of a range of cells
MIN - lowest value in a range
MAX - highest value in a range
COUNT - number of cells filled with a value
COUNTA - number of cells filled with a label
Examples of Function Formulas
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To add a range of cells
=sum(A1:A250)
To find the average
=average(A1:B25)
To count a range of values
=count(B50:H100)
How Do I
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Use function formulas?
Add/delete columns or rows?
Center my spreadsheet on a page and change margins?
Insert a header or footer on my spreadsheet?
Change Paper to Landscape and/or Change the Print size o
f my spreadsheet
Turn on gridlines and set print area?
Format cells?
decimal places, currency, date, accounting,.
Add Borders and Shading?
Merge cells?
Fill Down a column?
Function Formulas
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The first step to using formulas it to think about
what mathematical operation you want to
accomplish. It helps sometimes to write the
math problem on paper first.
Next click on the cell where you want the
answer to the formula to appear.
Choose the formula you want from the drop
down menu next to the Sum icon.
Select the cells you want to include in the
operation. If Excel guesses the cells for you,
MAKE SURE TO VERIFY THAT THOSE
ARE THE CELLS YOU WANT! EXCEL IS
NOT ALWAYS RIGHT!!
Backto:HowDoI?
Add/Delete Columns or Rows
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Select the column or row where youd like
to add one or select the column you wish to
delete.
Use the following keyboard shortcuts.
To add use Ctrl+ (hold control and strike the
plus key its best to use the + on the number
pad)
To delete use Ctrl- (hold control and strike the
minus key)
Backto:HowDoI?
Center a Spreadsheet on a Page and
Change Margins
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Page Layout tab>Page
Setup
Change margins in
designated boxes.
Click the horizontally (if
you want it centered
between the left and right
margins or vertically (if
you want it centered
between the top and
bottom margins) box(es).
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Insert Header or Footer
Choose Insert tab>
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Header
& Footer
Header/Footer tab
Type the desired header
in the section you want
the header to appear.
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Portrait or Landscape
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What is Portrait or
Landscape?
They are terms that
describe the paper
orientation.
Choose Page Layout
tab.
On the Page Tab, you
can choose portrait or
landscape orientation
Backto:HowDoI?
Portrait
Landscape
Gridlines and Print Area
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Page Layout tab>
Page Setup
Check the gridlines
box to turn them on.
To set print area, click
here, then drag to
select the area you
want to print.
Backto:HowDoI?
Format Cells
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Select the cells you wish
to format
Choose Home tab>
Number
Choose the desired
format.
Select the additional
desired options (number
of decimals, 1000
separator) and click OK
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Merge Cells
1. Select the
needed
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2. Click the
Merge Cells
button
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Entering Formulas using the Fill Handle
Whenyouwanttocopythecontentsofonecellintothecells
aboveorbelowortotherightorleft,youcandragthesmallblack
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fillhandleinthebottomcorneroftheactivecell.Usethis
techniqueinsteadoftypingthesameformulamanytimes.
Backto:HowDoI?
ClickandDrag
theFillHandle
inthebottom
cornerofthe
activatedcell
withthecorrect
formula.
Add Borders and Shading
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Activate the cells that you
want borders around
Select the Font Group and
Border tab
Select the Border, Style and
Color of the lines you wish.
For shading select the Fill
tab.
Backto:HowDoI?
