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Data Presentation: BY: Ruby Wani Nadia Na Bilah Iffah Ain B4

This document discusses various methods for presenting quantitative data, including frequency tables, pie charts, bar charts, histograms, and ogives. It provides examples and definitions of key terms related to each method. The learning outcomes are to construct a frequency table from raw data, draw various charts to organize and represent quantitative data, and use the information in charts to make decisions. Presenting data in summarized and visual forms allows insights into what type of further analysis should be done.

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Nurul Ain
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93 views18 pages

Data Presentation: BY: Ruby Wani Nadia Na Bilah Iffah Ain B4

This document discusses various methods for presenting quantitative data, including frequency tables, pie charts, bar charts, histograms, and ogives. It provides examples and definitions of key terms related to each method. The learning outcomes are to construct a frequency table from raw data, draw various charts to organize and represent quantitative data, and use the information in charts to make decisions. Presenting data in summarized and visual forms allows insights into what type of further analysis should be done.

Uploaded by

Nurul Ain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 3:

DATA
PRESENTATION
BY:
RUBY~WANI~NADIA~NA
BILAH~
IFFAH~AIN~B4

LEARNING
OUTCOME
Construct a frequency table from raw
data
Draw pie, bar and component bar
charts
Use information contained in various
charts to make decisions
Organise and graph quantitative data
such as stem-and-leaf plot, histogram,
ogive, and use these graphs to
understand the problem and make
decisions

DATA PRESENTATION is
an essential step
before further
The data are summarised
and
statistical
analysis
is
displayed enabling researchers,
carried
out.makers to
managers,
and decision

observe important features of the


data and provide insight into the type
of model and analysis that should be
Examples: frequency tables, bar chart, pie
used.
chart, histogram, frequency curve, line
graph, pictograph, stem-and-leaf display,
box plot, ogive

FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
A table
consisting of
columns and
rows, and it
summarised
data into
different
classes and
their
frequencies.

CLASS: a category
into which
qualitative data
can be classified
CLASS FREQUENCY:
number of
observations that
fall in a particular
classs

EXAMPLE OF FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION TABLE
Car model
Waja
Wira
Saga
Gen-2
total

Frequency
66
50
39
25
180

PIE CHART
Used to represent
categorical data
and consist of one
or more circles that
are divided into
sectors.

SECTOR: Show a
number of objects
or percentage of
each group or
category

EXAMPLE OF
PIE CHART
Car model Frequency
Waja
66
Wira
Saga
Gen-2
total

50
39
25
180

Car Model
Waja
Wira
Saga
Gen-2

BAR CHART
Another graphical
method for
describing data
that can be
divided into
categories

Vertical bar
chart @
horizontal bar
chart

Cluster
bar chart
Stacked
bar chart

CONTINGEN
CY TABLE
Desirable to examine
the categorical
responses in terms of
two qualitative
variables
simultaneously.

EXAMPL
E

REQUENCY DISTRIBUTIO
OF UNGROUPED DATA
A table
consisting of
the observed
values with
their
corresponding
frequencies

NUMBER

FREQUEN
CY

FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION OF
Summarised
GROUPED DATA

the data
collected by
forming
intervals of
values and
indicating
the number
of data that
falls into
each interval

HISTOGRAM
A graphical representation of the
frequency distribution in which bars
represent frequencies

FREQUEN
CY
POLYGON

A line graph of a class frequency is


plotted against mark

CUMULATIVE
FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION

less than
cumulative
frequency
*more frequent
used

more than
cumulative
frequency

OGIVES
(CUMULATIVE
FREQUENCY CURVE)
LESS THAN
OGIVE: an
increasing
function, rises to
the right

MORE THAN
OGIVE: falls to
the right

*An ogive is drawn based on the


data from a cumulative frequency
table or the data from cumulative

Copyrigh
t
reserved
~B4~

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