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Chapter 3 - Images File Formats

Multimedia Technology Chapter 3 _ Image file formats, JPG, GIFF, PNG, TIFF, Difference between jpg vs gif vs png

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Zeeshan Bhatti
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606 views

Chapter 3 - Images File Formats

Multimedia Technology Chapter 3 _ Image file formats, JPG, GIFF, PNG, TIFF, Difference between jpg vs gif vs png

Uploaded by

Zeeshan Bhatti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

MULTIMEDIA

TECHNOLOGY

IMAGE FILE FORMATS

Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti


BSIT-III
Chapter 3
BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

GRAPHICAL RASTER
DEVICES
Raster displays
and scanners

Ink-jet, laser,
electrostatic
plotters, fax
machines

BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

POPULAR FILE FORMATS

BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

GIF (GIF87A, GIF89A)


Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) devised by the UNISYS Corp.
And Compuserve, initially for transmitting graphical images over
phone lines via modems.
GIF standard is limited to only 8-bit (256) colour images, suitable
for images with few distinctive colours (e.g., graphics drawing)
One byte per pixel
GIF reduces colors to 256 (256 from 224 colors)
Uses a colour map of 256 possible RGB values, contained in file.
Only the 8 bit index is transmitted for each pixel that contains the
closest match color to the original one.
Supports interlacing. - successive display of pixels in widelyspaced rows by a 4-pass display process.

BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

GIF (GIF87A, GIF89A)


GIF actually comes in two flavours:
1. GIF87a: The original speciation.
2. GIF89a: The later version. Supports simple animation via a
Graphics Control Extension block in the data, provides simple
control over delay time, a transparency index, etc.
Compression ratio is close to 3:1. Color table is transferred to the
receiver.
Provides support for animation - multiple pictures per file.
Provides one dimensional interlacing dividing the image into 4
groups: first contains 1/8 of the image, second 1/8, third , last
1/2.
This is patented technology
BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

JPEG / JPG
JPEG: The most important current standard for image
compression.
A standard for photographic image compression
created by the Joint Photographics Experts Group
Takes advantage of limitations in the human vision
system to achieve high rates of compression.
JPEG allows the user to set a desired level of quality,
or compression ratio (input divided by output).
Lossy compression which allows user to set the
desired level of quality/ compression.

BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

As an example, Fig. shows our forestre. image, with a


quality factor Q=10%.
This image is a mere 1.5% of the original size.

BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

JPEG image with low quality specied by user.

BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

PNG
Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
The PNG format is intended as a replacement for GIF in the
WWW and in image editting.
GIF uses LZW compression, which is patented by Unisys. All
uses of GIF may have to pay royalties to Unisys - PNG
contains no patented technology.
PNG uses unpatented zip technology for compression
Provides transparency using alpha value.
2 Dimensional interlacing.

BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

Support for up to 48 bits of color information | a large


increase.
Files may contain gamma-correction information for
correct display of color images, as well as alpha-channel
information for such uses as control of transparency
Figure: PNG of a single toucan overlaid to create a single
picture. Notice how the shadows are overlaid on lower
toucan.
PNG supports multiple image layers, and adds an alpha
byte to the RGB bytes to describe how to combine each
pixel with pixels from other layers or other images,
ranging from totally transparent to totally opaque.

BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

10

COMPARISION BETWEEN
JPG VS PNG

BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

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BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

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BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

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BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

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TIFF
Tagged Image File Format (TIFF), stores many different types of
images
(e.g., monochrome, greyscale, 8-bit & 24-bit RGB, etc.) > tagged
The support for attachment of additional information (referred to as
\tags") provides a great deal of flexibility.
Developed by the Aldus Corp. in the 1980s and later supported by the
Microsoft
The most important tag is a format signifier: what type of compression
etc. is in use in the stored image.
TIFF is a lossless format (but now a new JPEG tag allows one to opt for
JPEG compression).
It does not provide any major advantages over JPEG and is not as user
controllable it appears to be declining in popularity
BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

15

EXIF ( NOW NEF)


(Exchang Image File) is an image format for digital
cameras:
1. Compressed EXIF _les use the baseline JPEG format.
2. A variety of tags (many more than in TIFF) are available
to facilitate higher quality printing, since information
about the camera and picture-taking conditions (flash,
exposure, light source, white balance, type of scene, etc.)
can be stored and used by printers for possible color
correction algorithms.
3. The EXIF standard also includes specification of file
format for audio that accompanies digital images. As well,
it also supports tags for information needed for conversion
to FlashPix (initially developed by Kodak).
BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

16

SYSTEM DEPENDENT
FORMATS
Many graphical/imaging applications create their own
file format particular to the systems they are executed
upon. The following are a few popular system
dependent formats.
Microsoft Windows: BMP
Macintosh: PAINT and PICT
X-windows: XBM
PSD

BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

17

Microsoft Windows: BMP


A system standard graphics file format for Microsoft
Windows
Used in PC Paintbrush and other programs
It is capable of storing 24-bit bitmap images
Macintosh: PAINT and PICT
PAINT was originally used in MacPaint program, initially
only for 1-bit monochrome images.
PICT format is used in MacDraw (a vector based drawing
program) for storing structured graphics

BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

18

GRAPHICS ANIMATION
FILES
FLC main animation or moving picture file format,
originally created by Animation Pro
FLI similar to FLC
GL better quality moving pictures, usually large file
sizes

BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

19

POSTSCRIPT/ENCAPSULA
TED POSTSCRIPT
Postscript is an important language for typesetting, and many
high-end printers have a Postscript interpreter built into them.
A typesetting language which includes text as well a
vector/structured graphics and bit-mapped images
Postscript is a vector-based picture language, rather than
pixel-based: page element definitions are essentially in terms of
vectors.
Used in several popular graphics programs (Illustrator,
FreeHand)
Does not provide compression, files are often large
Encapsulated Postscript les add some additional information
for inclusion of Postscript les in another document.

BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

20

THANKYOU

Q&A
For My Slides and Handouts

http://zeeshanacademy.blogspot.com/
https://www.facebook.com/drzeeshanacademy

BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI

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