CCSI_3G RNO BASIC TRAINING

Prepare By: Peter Wylson Marpaung.

 3G TECHNOLOGY USING CDMA
• All CDMA users occupy the same frequency at the same time! Frequency and time are not
used as discriminators.
• CDMA operates by using CODES to discriminate between users.
• CDMA interference comes mainly from nearby users
• 3G Spread data power using 3.84 Mchips/s bandwidth.

Despreadin
Spreading radio channel g

Data + Noise

Transmitter Receiver
 3G TECHNOLOGY USING CDMA
• Many user after spread then combined to become a composite signal.
• At receiver, the composite signal have dispreading using a orthogonal code to separate the
user data.

Many code channels are individually

“spread” and then added together to
create a “composite signal”
 3G TECHNOLOGY USING CDMA
• Before the spread result combined become a composite signal, it is processing using
orthogonal code as differentiators at receiver next.

X
Code1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1 -1 -1 Code1 +1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1 -1
Code2 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 Code2 +1 +1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1
Mul -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1 Mul +1 -1 -1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1
Sum 0 Sum -2

Orthogonal Non-orthogonal

• Orthogonal Code is:

While result of multiplying and sum is “0”
 Direct spread technique
S1 S1xC1

W
Spreading

S2XC2 Air Interface

S2

S
[S1xC1+S2xC2]xC
1
N
(S1xC1)+(S2xC2)
=S1
Despreading

[S1xC1+S2xC2]x
C1xC2=0,
C2
C1,C2,orthogonal
=S2
 3G POWER CONTROL
1. Transmit power on all users must be carefully controlled so their signals reach the base station at the same
signal level and at the absolute minimum power level necessary to ensure acceptable service quality.
2. Interference in 3G are coming from UE (between User).
3. Many user will causing Load Increment
4. Many user will causing increment of noise.
5. Increment of Noise will degrade Ec/No.
6. The purpose of DL power control: Saving power resource of NodeB, reducing interference to other NodeB.
7. The purpose of UL power control: Overcoming Near-Far effect, save power of UE

Power Power

f
f

BETTER !!!
WRONG !!!! Power control technology will reduce the
Every UE has different UL Power, this will cause interference among each UEs
capacity decrement and degradation of Ec/No due to
and increase system capacity .
Noise.
 3G POWER CONTROL
There are 3 type of power control in WCDMA:
1. Open Loop Power Control.
UTRAN Give Order to UE regarding initial power base on DL receive level (RSCP).

2. Close Loop Power Control * Inner Loop (Between UE and NodeB)

NodeB and UE have discussion regarding current SIR compare to SIR Target. It will check for 1500times/second.
3. Close Loop Power Control * Close Loop (Between RNC and NodeB)
NodeB and RNC have discussion regarding current BLER compare to BLER Target. Result of discussion is inner
loop SIR target adjustment.
 3G POWER CONTROL
Close Loop Power Control * Close Loop (Between RNC and NodeB at dedicated mode)
NodeB and RNC have discussion regarding current BLER compare to BLER Target. Result of discussion
is inner loop SIR target adjustment.
BLER HIGH & Quality Low → Increase SIR
BLER Low & Quality High → Decrease SIR

Close Loop Power Control * Inner Loop (Between UE and NodeB at dedicated mode)

SIR Target < Current SIR → Reduce Power

SIR Target > Current SIR → Increase Power
 3G POWER CONTROL
Close Loop Power Control * Inner Loop (Between UE and NodeB at dedicated mode)

SIR Target < Current SIR → Reduce Power

SIR Target > Current SIR → Increase Power
 3G POWER CONTROL
Power Control Also Triggered by 3G Cell System Load.
Cell Load < CellUnderrunThd = Increase DL power
Cell Load > CellOverrunThd = Decrease DL power

This is called : Cell Breathing. System will adjust coverage to safe his system load balance.
So it is the answer, why drive test result at Busy Hours and Non Busy Hours is totally different. Due to some blank
spot, will causing drop service.
 Handover

3G Handover
Soft handover ：
 Intra-RNC, inter-Node B
MOD UCELLINTRAFREQHO:;
 Inter-RNC

Softer handover ：
Same Node B, Inter- sector

Hard handover :
 Intra-frequency handover
 Inter-frequency handover MOD UCELLINTERRATHOCOV:;
 Inter-system (3G&2G) MOD UCELLINTERFREQHOCOV:;
 Inter-mode (FDD&TDD)
 Handover

3G Soft Handover

AS MN MN AS
MN MN

Soft handover has more than 1 Radio Link Connection while handover event. Like UE touched by
so many hand.
 Handover

3G Soft Handover

Soft handover has more than 1 Radio Link Connection while handover event. It have Active set
(AS), Monitoring neighbor (MN) and DN (Detected neighbor) if founded.
From above capture, it have :
1. More than 1 AS (Means: He touched by 3 hand).
2. He has Some MN (Means: he has several neighbor created that detected during log file collection)
3. He has 2 DN (Means: He has several uncreated neighbor relation that catch inside neighbor table.
 Handover

3G Soft Handover
• Active Set:
– The set of cells connected with UE;
– User information is transmitted from these cells.
• Monitor Set:
– The set of cells not within the active set but being monitored by a UE
according to the adjacent node list allocated by UTRAN.
• Detect Set:
– The set of cells in neither the active set nor the monitor set.
 Handover

3G Soft Handover Event

•Event 1A to Event 1D related to Active Set Activity.

•Event 1E and 1F related to Monitoring Set Activity.
 Handover

3G Soft Handover
NodeB NodeB
UE DRNC SRNC
（DRNS) (SRNS)
Measurement
report

RL creation request
A RL setup request

RL setup response RL setup response

Active set update command

Active set update completion

B RL Deletion request

RL Deletion response

Active set Update is the unique signaling for SHO.

 Handover

3G Soft Handover

Why we need ∆T (Delay for trigger time) ?? Because to prevent unnecessary event
activation.
TEMS—EVENT 1A

18
TEMS—EVENT 1A

19
TEMS—EVENT 1B

20
 Handover

3G Soft Handover
Conclusion:
• Event 1A is to add neighbor as active set. We can faster SHO with below
parameter:
1. MOD UCELLINTRAFREQHO: TrigTime1A= xx;
Make xx to smaller value. So it will be faster execution. Be
carefully: Too small value will cause ping pong SHO at several case
2. MOD UCELLINTRAFREQHO: IntraRelThdFor1ACSVP=xx,
IntraRelThdFor1ACSNVP=xx, IntraRelThdFor1APS=xx;
Make xx to bigger value. So it will more MN can be absorb. Be
carefully: Too big value will cause service drop at several case

• Event 1B is to remove an AS from active set list. We can faster and longer
remove a cell from AS using above concept (Trigger time and Reporting
range).
 Handover

3G Hard Handover

AS AS AS

Hard handover has only 1 Radio Link Connection while handover event. UE already
disconnected from the old Connection while setup a new connection are on progress.
 Handover

3G Hard Handover
Target Node Original
UE B NodeB SRNC

Measurement report

RL setup request
RL setup response

Reconfiguration command

Reconfiguration completion
RL deletion request

RL deletion response

Reconfigure command is the unique signaling for hard handover.

 Handover

3G hard Handover Event

Compress Mode was activated and deactivated from 2D (Start Measure) and 2F (Stop
Measure) Event. And he filter the other system candidate from event 3 activity.
 Handover

3G hard Handover Event

Attention please……: If you put 2D at maximum value, then it will hard to share traffic
from 3G to 2G. It will cause congestion in 3G and dragging in 3G edge coverage. So be
carefully. And Using 2D and 2F parameter ypu can reduce system load and reduce
Service drop.
 3G WCDMA Dictionary
RRC (Radio Resources Control) is a signaling and control protocol which make connection
from UE to UTRAN which provides information transfer service to the NAS (Non Access
Stratum).

UE need RRC setup for every service requested.

CN

RANAP

RRC
UE RNC RNSAP
RNC

NBAP

NBAP ： Node B Application Part

Node B
RANAP: Radio Access Network Application Part
RNSAP: Radio Network Subsystem Application Part
RRC: Radio Resource Control
 3G WCDMA Dictionary
RAB (Radio Access Bearer) consist of RB (Radio Bearer) and RL (Radio Link). It connect UE
to Core Network.

RB (Radio Bearer): The service provided by the Layer 2 for the transfer of user data
between UE (User Equipment) and UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network).

RL (Radio Link): RL is a logical Connection between single UE (User Equipment) and a

single UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) access point.
 3G CALL SETUP PROCESS
As mentioned before, UE need RRC setup for every 3G service requested. Afterward
setup a RAB connection.

UE RNC CN

RRC Connection Request

RRC Connection Setup RRC Connection Setup

RRC Connection Complete Success Ratio

DT Message Exchange

RAB Assignment Request

Radio Bearer Setup Established

RAB Assignment
Radio Bearer Setup Complete Success Ratio
RAB Assignment Response
 3G CALL SETUP PROCESS
Call Setup Success is
Success to setup RRC Connection and Success setup RAB Connection.

Call Setup Success Rate is

RRC Setup Success Rate * RAB Setup Success Rate

Means: If you have 1 problem (RRC or RAB) then your CCSR become worst.
Become more worst if both problem (RRC an RAB)