Computers For Manager: Computer Systems Basic Computer Operations Functional Units of Computers
Computers For Manager: Computer Systems Basic Computer Operations Functional Units of Computers
Managers
Computer systems
Basic Computer
operations
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What is
computer
Electronic
device used to
Benefits of
using
computers
store,
Speed
retrieve,
Accuracy
and
manipulate the data
Consistency
Storage
capacity
and
Flexibility
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History of Computers
Charles
ENIAC
- developed at end of WW II
1951 - 1963 1st and 2nd generation
very large, used unreliable vacuum tubes
1963
CONTROL
UNIT
ALU
INPUT UNIT
CPU
MEMORY
SYSTEM UNIT
OUTPUT UNIT
Computer Operations
Block Diagram of Computer
Control
Input
Primary Storage
(RAM,ROM)
Output
CPU
External Storage
Hard disk, CD, Floppy, Magnetic tape, Pen drive
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Input devices:
Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
Joystick
Output devices:
Monitor
Printer
Plotter
Ergonomic
Special
keys
cursor on
screen
May
be mechanical or
optical
Most
models have a
wheel for scrolling
Or Light sensing
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camera
Touch
screen
Voice
: Microphone
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Output Devices
Monitor
Printer
Speaker
Disk
Drive
Modem
Can also be input device
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Monitors
Made
up of tiny
elements called pixels
Each row of pixels is
called a scan line
Picture is displayed by
an electronic beam
lighting up certain
pixels
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Monitors - Resolution
Resolution
picture is
How
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Monitors - Sizes
Screen
measured diagonally
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or 15 on bargain systems
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Monitors - LCD
Liquid
Crystal Display
Similar to digital watch
Used for notebook computers
Also used in flat screen monitors
Much thinner than regular CRT monitor
More expensive than regular CRT monitor
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AGP port
Printers
Laser
Ink
Jet
Dot
Matrix
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Printers - Laser
Works
Fast,
More
Some
Replaced
dot matrix
Quiet
Does
Good
Comes
in 9 and 24 pin
Once
very popular
Now
Printers - Speed
Measured
Laser
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May
Other
Storage Devices
Hard
Disk
Floppy Disk
Optical Disk
Compact Disk
Digital Versatile Disc
Pen Drive
Memory Card
Yet to come { ? }
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Floppy Disks
All systems now only have 3 1/2
HD
systems
3 1/2 - 1.44 megs
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Hard Disk
Built
into machine
Made up of stack of platters
Can store much more than floppy
drives
40 gigabytes should be minimum
Can
OPTICAL DISKS
Optical
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versatile Disk
Can
store up to 17 GB
Can
Can
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Very popular 64 MB to 4 GB
Zip
100 MB to 2 GB capacity
Everyday use and backup
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SYSTEM BOARD
The
Performs
It
Data
Bus
Internal
Memory
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Can
not only read current info but also write new info
Very
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Used
Buyer
metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS)
It
The
It
- Sarang Javkhedkar
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Classification of Computers
Super Computer
Mainframe Computer
Minicomputer
Microcomputer
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Supercomputers
Most
powerful
Fastest
Most expensive
Several million dollars each
Used
only by
Governmental agencies
Large international corporations
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Mainframes
Very
powerful
Very
fast
Used
by computer specialist
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Minicomputers
Size
of filing cabinet
Used
and institutions
Operated
by computer specialist
Terminals
Microcomputer
Also
called Personal
Computer (PC) and
Desktop Computer
Available
in desktop size,
notebook size and
handheld (PDA)
Can
be IBM, IBM
Compatible or Apple
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History - Microcomputers
Apple
First sold in late 1970s
Developed by Jobs and Wozniak
IBM
Personal Computers
Software
&
Hardware
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SOFTWARE
Types of Software
System software
Application software
Embedded software
Scientific software
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Programs
Set
Programming
languages
Systems Software
System
System
Operating
Examples
of systems software
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Applications Software
Helps
Examples
Word processing - memos, reports, etc.
Spreadsheets - budgets, etc.
Database - search, sort, select data
Educational - simulations, practice
Graphics - charts, diagrams
Desktop publishing - pamphlets, etc.
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Embedded software
These
Scientific software
These
Hardware
Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical
structure, such as the computer monitor or keyboard.
The electronic circuits, memory and input / output components of
a computer system; the tangible objects.
MEMORY
RAM RAMDOM ACCESS MEMORY
ROM READ ONLY MEMORY
HARD DISK
CPU CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
MOTHERBOARD
MODEM
POWER SUPPLY
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Software
Programs which tell the computer what to do
Examples - word processing, Microsoft excel,
Expansion Slots
Allows
Example
Network card
Modem
TV turner card
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Ports
Parallel port
Used primarily by printers
Serial ports
Modem, mouse, etc.
Controversy
It must be noted here that some
authors have a view that even these
softwares must be considered under
the sub title of application software
since they are directly related to
overall applicability of the software.
OPEARTING SYSTEM
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