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Power and Politics

This document discusses power and politics in organizations. It defines power as the ability to influence others, and politics as activities aimed at influencing the distribution of advantages. It identifies sources of power as including personal characteristics, positions in the organizational hierarchy, control over resources, and access to information. The document also categorizes different types of political behaviors and personalities in organizations, such as corporate sharks, climbers, survivors, and lambs for slaughter. It provides tips for gaining power and being an effective political actor through developing allies, controlling resources, and supporting supervisors.

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Andi M Raihan Rasyidi Rahmat
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104 views

Power and Politics

This document discusses power and politics in organizations. It defines power as the ability to influence others, and politics as activities aimed at influencing the distribution of advantages. It identifies sources of power as including personal characteristics, positions in the organizational hierarchy, control over resources, and access to information. The document also categorizes different types of political behaviors and personalities in organizations, such as corporate sharks, climbers, survivors, and lambs for slaughter. It provides tips for gaining power and being an effective political actor through developing allies, controlling resources, and supporting supervisors.

Uploaded by

Andi M Raihan Rasyidi Rahmat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POWER and POLITICS

In the Office
Dr.Yuni Ros Bangun MBA

ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

POWER and POLITICS

ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

POWER and POLITICs

ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Its good to be the King

POWER and POLITICS


Power A capacity that A has to
influence the behavior of B so that B
acts in accordance with As wishes
Dependency Bs relationship to A when
A possesses something that B requires
Dependencyincrease when resources
are importance,scarce and non
substitutable

ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Where the POWER is ?


It was in organization chart, but not
longer change (tech,
business,competition make change in
the job weight in the organization
position impact level to the
business targets
Power tactics ways in which
individuals translate power bases
into specific actions
ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

POWER in GROUPS COALITION


Theres strength in
numbers

POLITICS POWER in ACTION


Political behavior those activities that are not required as part of ones
formal role in the organization, but that influence, or attempt to influence,
the distribution of advantages or disadvantages within the organization

When employees convert their power into action,


we describe them as being engaged in politics -
legitimate political or illegitimate political behavior
ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Politics are Real and


Unavoidable

Not all politics are bad


Realize that this is reality
Expect politics in all situations
Politics are part of human interaction

ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Lets Review The Political


Types

Corporate Shark
Climber
Survivor
Straight Arrow
Lamb for Slaughter

ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Corporate Shark
Score of highest
Tends to use others to enhance
career
Power-hungry, ruthless, and devious
Survives well in Piranha Land
Ninety-eight percent of the adults in this country are
decent, hardworking, honest Americans. It's the other
lousy two percent that get all the publicity. But then, we
elected them. - John Kenneth Galbraith

ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Climber
Shrewd politician
A moderate score suggests you
might have a good chance of success
Politics are everything - lets
campaign

ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Survivor
Practices some office politics and is
aware of the political climate
Ok, what do I have to do to survive

ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Straight Arrow
Not perceived as office politician
May neglect cultivating key people
for career advancement
Honesty is the best policy

In politics, strangely enough, the best way to play your


cards is to lay them
face upwards on the table. - H. G.
ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012
Wells

Lamb for Slaughter


Doesnt believe in office politics
Commonly boasts of never practicing
office politics
Easily eaten by sharks
Survives in Nirvana Land

ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Factors influencing Political


Behavior
INDIVIDUAL

ORGANIZATIONAL

High self monitor


Internal locus of
control
High mach
Organizational
investment
Perceived job
alternatives
Expectation of success

Reallocation of resources
Promotion opportunities
Low trust
Role ambiguity
Unclear performance evaluation
system
Zero sum reward practices
Democratic decision making
High performance pressure
Self serving senior managers

POLITICAL BEHAVIOR
Low

High

FAVORABLE OUTCOMES
* Reward
* Averted punishment

ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Gaining Power and Influences


PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS
Expertise
Personal Attraction
Effort
Legitimacy
POSITION
Centrality
Critically
Visibility
Flexibility
Relevance

ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Sources of Power
Interpersonal
Sources
- Legitimate

Structural Sources
- Resources

- Reward

- Decision Making

- Coercive

- Information

- Expert
- Referent

Centrality
Critically
Visibility
Flexibility
Relevance
Central
ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Using Influence
Resisting Influence
Increasing
Influence
USING

INFLUENCE STRATEGY

RETRIBUTION
RECIPROCITY
REASON

ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Interpersonal Sources of
Power
Legitimate Power
Reward Power
Coercive Power
Expert Power
Referent Power

Capacity to influence derived from the position of a


manager in the organizational hierarchy.
Subordinates believe that they ought to comply.
An influence over others based on hope of reward
Influence over others based on fear. A subordinate
perceives that failure to
comply with the wishes of a superior would lead to
punishment of some
other negative outcome.
Capacity to influence related to some expertise, special skill,
or knowledge.
Power based on a subordinates identification with a superior.
The more powerful individual is admired because of certain traits,
and the subordinate is influenced because of this admiration.

ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Structural Sources of Power


Resources
Power occurs when a person has open
channels to resources - money,
human resources, technology,
materials, customers, and so on.

Decision-Making Power
The degree to which individuals or
subunits can affect decision making
determines the amount of power
Information
required.Power
Having access to relevant and important
information is power
ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

8 suggestion to improve your


political effectiveness
Frame arguments in terms of
organizational goals
Develop the right image
Gain control of organizational
resources
Make yourself appear
indispensable
Be visible
Develop powerful allies
Avoid tainted members
Support your boss
Would you do
ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Organizational Scan for


culture
Whos related to who
About my boss

Irritations
Enemies
Personal facts
Politics practiced

Identify the true power and players


Look below motivations
What are favored behaviors and status
symbols
ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Personal Characteristics of Effective


Organizational Politicians
Personal
Articulate
Sensitive
Socially adept
Competent
Popular
Extroverted
Self-confident
Aggressive
Ambitious
Devious
Logical

Combined
30%
30
20
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
10

50
10
10
17
17
10
10
20
13
3

CEO
37%
21
32
21
11
14
21
14
25
14
21

Staff Members
39%
17
17
21
24
17
17
24
4
21
7

Sources :adapted from R.W Allen et all Organizational


Politics .1979 p 78
ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Supervisors
13%

Playing Politics in an
Organization
Game Playing
Political behavior in organizations has
been described by many researchers in
terms of game playing.

Political Influence Tactics


Individuals and groups engage in
political behavior in order to influence
the perceptions or behavior of other
individuals and groups.
ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Generic Influence Tactics


1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)

ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

Consultation
Rational persuasion
Inspirational appeals
Ingratiation tactics
Coalition tactics
Personal appeals
Pressure
Legitimizing tactics
Exchange

How to minimize Political


Behaviour
Introduce clear rules
Manage Team Norms
Free flowing information
Manage Change effectively
Support Desired Values
Leaders as Role Models

ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

IMPRESSION
MANAGEMENT

The process by which individuals attempt to


control the impression others form of them

Niche

Conformity
Excuses
Apologies
Acclamation
Flattery
Favors
Association
ryrb/sbmitb/op/2010/2012

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