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Critical Density Thresholds For Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks

The document summarizes research on estimating the critical density threshold for coverage in wireless sensor networks. It defines key terms like coverage and presents models for sensor characteristics, target detection, and exposure calculation. Equations are derived to determine the radii of influence and critical density based on parameters like sensing range, target speed, and detection threshold. Simulations are run in Matlab to validate the results and analyze how the critical number of nodes varies with factors like target speed, detection threshold, and signal decay rate.

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Rasha Ziyad
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33 views

Critical Density Thresholds For Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks

The document summarizes research on estimating the critical density threshold for coverage in wireless sensor networks. It defines key terms like coverage and presents models for sensor characteristics, target detection, and exposure calculation. Equations are derived to determine the radii of influence and critical density based on parameters like sensing range, target speed, and detection threshold. Simulations are run in Matlab to validate the results and analyze how the critical number of nodes varies with factors like target speed, detection threshold, and signal decay rate.

Uploaded by

Rasha Ziyad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Critical Density Thresholds for

Coverage in Wireless
Sensor Networks
Sachin Adlakha

Presented by

Mani Srivastava

: Abdulla

Rasha Abu-samra

Outline of Presentation

Talking about the definitions and model used.

Estimate number of sensor required for coverage.

Evaluate the radius of influence sensor nodes


depending on
their characteristic and the
properties of the target.

Finding the radii of influence and critical density.

Verify our result by using matlab.

Coverage: is a measure of the Quality of service


of a sensor network .
Or how can the network observe (or cover) a given
event?
such as, intruder detection; animal or fire
detection

Coverage depends upon:


Range and sensitivity of sensing nodes
Location and density of sensing nodes in given
region

Types of coverage
Worst-Case Coverage: Areas of breach (lowest
coverage)
Can be used to determine if additional sensors needed

Best-Case Coverage: Areas of best coverage


Can be used by a friendly user to navigate in those areas

Sensor Model

Describe the signal strength received at the


sensor node, depending on nature of sensors

Most types of sensors, sensing ability diminishes


as distance increases
S ( s, p )

s p

the signal would be detected ,if S(s, p) > F

Exposure
Is the expected ability of observing a target in the
sensor field
There are two models, Depending on the way a
sensor detect:
Integrator model: This model related to sensors
that are energy detectors
Such as an acoustic sensor
if exposure exceeds
a threshold, the sensor
t2
d ( p (t )
detected the
target
E s S ( s, p )
dt

t1

dt

Derivative model:
models for sensors that detect the changing in
the signal strength .

if the change is above threshold a detection is


declared

Such as a magnetic sensor

d ( S ( s, p (t )))
Es
dt

Detection Model
By using one of the exposure model , each sensor
can make a decision to detect the event.
1.Individual Detection:

E s Ethrehsold
2.Cooperative Detection:

~
Es 1

where Es Ethreshold

Target Characteristics
the target moving in straight line path
constant speed 'v' from point 'a' to point 'b
travel a distance ' '.

two radii associated with a given sensor :

r
1. Radius of complete influence
( )
r
2. Radius of no Influence
( )
1

Finding the Radii of Influence


and Critical Density
a single sensor located at origin
sensor model : sensing decreased as distance
increases
decay factor k= 2
exposure model : integrator model
The target is an object that moves in a straightline path with speed v and travels a distance ,
Each sensor has a noise figure F and the threshold

x0 , y 0at

The target is initially located


the signal strength received at the sensor at any
time is

S ((0,0), ( x(t ), y (t )))


x(t ) 2 y (t ) 2
T
the total exposure
as:
Es
dt
2
2
0 ( x0 v * t ) ( y 0 )


y 0

Es
tan 2
2
vy0
x 0 y 0 x 0
the exposure Using polar coordinates as:

sin( )
1

Es
tan
vr sin( )
r cos( )

maximum exposure at = 900


Es
tan

vr
r
1

minimum exposure at = 00

sin( )
1

E s lim
tan
0 vr sin( )
r cos( )

( = 0.1, = 10m, v

= 2m/sec)

Finding the Maximum E

the exposure is sum of exposures for two paths


of length x and - x.

1 x 1 x
E s ( x) tan tan

vr
r vr
r

the maximum Es occurs

for2

2

tan 1

vr
2r

max E s

radius of influence by equating the minimum


Es to Ethreshold

E threshold

vr1 r1

Radius of no influence is found by equating the


maximum Es to Ethreshold

2
Ethreshold
tan 1
vr2
2r2

the number of sensors required to cover a given area A is

the number of nodes required to


A

cover this
is
area

r
r : is the sensing radius
2

the number of sensors required to


A

cover agiven
area
A
is

2
2

SIMULATIONS
Random deployment over area ( 150m *
150m )
k=2, 3, 4.
= 0.1
Speed v=2m/sec
distance
= 10 m
Ethreshold 0.005

noise figure F = 0.0001



2
By using
we can evaluate this

Evalues
tan 1these
threshold
vr2
2r2
equations
r2 9.6

N = 244

Probability of Detection Vs. Number of Nodes

Variation of Number of Nodes with Target Speed

Variation of Number of Nodes with Threshold

Variation of Number of nodes for different K


Cooperative Case

Probability of Detection Vs. Number of Node k =3


and k =4 cases

CONCLUSIONS

we evaluate the critical number of nodes


required for target detection in a sensor network.
We use both physical characteristics of sensors
and target to derive an equation for effective of
influence radius.
Using this radius we estimate the critical density
for coverage in sensor network..

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