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Chapter 3 - Magnetic Circuit

The document defines key concepts in magnetic circuits including magnetic flux, magnetomotive force, reluctance, permeability, and flux density. It describes Ampere's Circuital Law and its analogy to Kirchhoff's laws in electric circuits. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate current and flux density values in series and parallel magnetic circuits using the material properties and circuit dimensions.

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Zarulnaim Zulkarnain
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204 views13 pages

Chapter 3 - Magnetic Circuit

The document defines key concepts in magnetic circuits including magnetic flux, magnetomotive force, reluctance, permeability, and flux density. It describes Ampere's Circuital Law and its analogy to Kirchhoff's laws in electric circuits. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate current and flux density values in series and parallel magnetic circuits using the material properties and circuit dimensions.

Uploaded by

Zarulnaim Zulkarnain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAGNETIC

CIRCUITS

Chapter 3 :
MAGNETIC CIRCUITS
Lesson Outcome:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

Define the basic concept of magnetic flux, magnetomotive force, reluctance, permeability, flux density in
magnetic circuit.
Describe and apply the concepts of Amperes Circuital
Law in magnetic circuit.
Solve/determine the magnetic circuit parameter for a
series and series parallel magnetic circuit.

Flux Density

When magnetomotif force (mmf) applied to


magnetic material, flux will be induced
Magnetic flux () measured in Webers (Wb)
Number of flux lines per unit area is called flux
density (B) and measured in Tesla (T)

B
A

Where, = flux in Wb
A = area in m2
nsmh...

Permeability

The strength of magnetic will vary in


accordance with the core used
This variation in strength is due to the
number of flux lines passing through the core

o r

Where, o = permeabilty of free


space (4 x 10-7)
r = relative permeabilty of
the core

nsmh...

Amperes Circuital Law

Similarity between electric circuit and magnetic


circuit
Electric Circuit

Magnetic Circuit

I
N

Emf Electromotif Force, E Mmf

Magnetomotif Force,
F = NI

Reluctance, R = l

Resistance, R
I

E
R

R
nsmh...

NI
R

Kirchoffs Voltage Law in Magnetic


Circuit

In electric circuit

V 0

In magnetic circuit

Practical equation for mmf drop

F 0

F Hl
Where; H = magnetizing force
l = length of section
nsmh...

iron

steel

I
N

cobalt

F 0
NI ( Hl ) steel ( HL) cobalt ( HL) iron
NI ( Hl )
-All

terms are known except magnetizing force (H) for each material

can be obtained from B-H Curve (if flux or flux density B is


known)

-H

nsmh...

Kirchoffs Current Law in Magnetic


Circuit
Fluxes entering a junction is equal to the sum of fluxes leaving the
junction

a
a

c
b

At junction a:
a = b + c

nsmh...

Example 1
The magnetic core below consists of three types of materials which
are sheet steel, cast steel and cast iron. The cross sectional areas for
the materials are 2 x 10-3 m2. If the flux that pass through the air gap is
4 x 10-4 Wb, find the value of current I that flows in the windings.
Given that the number of turns is 1000 turns. Neglect fringing and
magnetic effect. (use o = 4 x 10-7)

nsmh...

Example1
Given,
A = 2 x 10-3 m2, gap = 4 x 10-4 Wb,
N = 1000
lss = 450 mm, lcs = 300 mm,
lci = 649 mm, lg = 1mm

For air gap:


B oH
Hgap

0 .2
159.15 kAt / m
4 10 7

Form B-H curve:


Cast Steel:
At B = 0.2 T, Hcs = 170 At/m
Cast Iron:
At B = 0.2 T, Hci = 400 At/m
Sheet Steel:
At B = 0.2 T, Hss = 40 At/m

By performing KVL at magnetic circuit loop:


1000 I Hl ss Hl cs Hl gap Hl ci 0

= gap = 4 x 10-4 Wb

4 x 10 -4
B
0.2T
-3
A 2 x 10

1000 I (40 450m) (170 300m)


(159.15k 1m) (400 649m) 0
1000 I 487.75
nsmh... I

0.48775 A

10

Example 2
The magnetic circuit shown in Figure Q4b is made of cast steel. The
cross-sectional area of all limbs is 5 x 10-4 m2. If the number of turns
is 500, determine the current i that will produce a magnetic flux of 1 x
10-4 Wb in the air gap 1.
(Neglect magnetic leakage and fringing effect)

nsmh...

11

Example 2

For air gap 1:

Given, g1 = 1 x 10-4 Wb

H g1

A = 5 x 10 m
l1 =199 mm, lg1 = 1 mm, l2 = 540 mm
-4

B g1
o

0.2
159.15 k At / m
4 10 7

From B-H curve:


At B1 = 0.2 T, H1 = 170 At/m

lg2 = 1 mm, lT =599 mm

H2l2 = H1l1 + Hg1lg1


H2 (540 m) = (170)(199 m) + (159.15 k) (1 m)

(170)(199 m) (159.15 k) (1 m)
540m
H 2 357.37 At / m
H2

1 = g1 = 1 x 10-4 Wb

1 1 10 4
B1 B g1

0.2T
4
A 5 10
nsmh...

12

Example 2
From B-H curve:
At H2 = 377.37 At/m, B2 = 0.62 T
2 B2 A
0.62 5 10 4
3.1 10 4 Wb

T 4.1 10 4 Wb
BT

0.82 T
4
A
5 10
Bg 2 BT 0.82 T

T 1 2

From B-H curve:


At BT = 0.82 T, HT = 525 At/m

T 110 4 3.110 4

H g2

4.1 10 Wb

Bg2
o

0.82
652.54 At / m
4 10 7

KVL at right oop:

H g 2l g 2 H T lT 500i H1l1 H g1l g1 0


(652.54 k )(1m) (525)(599m) 500 I (170)(199m) (159.15k )(1m) 0
(652.54 k )(1m) (525)(599m) (170)(199m) (159.15k )(1m)
500
i 2.32 A
nsmh...
i

13

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