Turbo Machinary
Turbo Machinary
Objectives
Identify various types of pumps and
turbines, and understand how they work
Apply dimensional analysis to design
new pumps or turbines that are
geometrically similar to existing pumps or
turbines
Perform basic vector analysis of the flow
into and out of pumps and turbines
Use specific speed for preliminary design
and selection of pumps and turbines
ME33 : Fluid Flow
Categories
Pump: adds energy to
a fluid, resulting in an
increase in pressure
across the pump.
Turbine: extracts
energy from the fluid,
resulting in a
decrease in pressure
across the turbine.
Categories
For gases, pumps are further broken down into
Fans: Low pressure gradient, High volume flow rate.
Examples include ceiling fans and propellers.
Blower: Medium pressure gradient, Medium volume
flow rate. Examples include centrifugal and squirrelcage blowers found in furnaces, leaf blowers, and
hair dryers.
Compressor: High pressure gradient, Low volume
flow rate. Examples include air compressors for air
tools, refrigerant compressors for refrigerators and air
conditioners.
Categories
Positive-displacement machines
Closed volume is used to squeeze or suck fluid.
Pump: human heart
Turbine: home water meter
Dynamic machines
No closed volume. Instead, rotating blades supply or
extract energy.
Enclosed/Ducted Pumps: torpedo propulsor
Open Pumps: propeller or helicopter rotor
Enclosed Turbines: hydroturbine
Open Turbines: wind turbine
ME33 : Fluid Flow
Pump Head
Net Head
Water horsepower
Brake horsepower
Pump efficiency
Energy equation:
Dynamic Pumps
Dynamic Pumps include
centrifugal pumps: fluid enters
axially, and is discharged
radially.
mixed--flow pumps: fluid enters
axially, and leaves at an angle
between radially and axially.
axial pumps: fluid enters and
leaves axially.
10
Centrifugal Pumps
Snail--shaped scroll
Most common type of
pump: homes, autos,
industry.
11
Centrifugal Pumps
12
13
14
15
Axial Pumps
16
17
Counter-Rotating Axial-Flow
Fan: swirl removed. Early
torpedo designs
Vane Axial-Flow Fan: swirl
removed. Stators can be
either pre-swirl or post-swirl.
18
19
Dimensional Analysis
analysis gives 3 new nondimensional parameters
Head coefficient
Capacity coefficient
Power coefficient
Functional relation is
Head coefficient
Power coefficient
20
Dimensional Analysis
If two pumps are
geometrically similar, and
The independent s are
similar, i.e.,
CQ,A = CQ,B
ReA = ReB
A/DA = B/DB
Then the dependent s
will be the same
CH,A = CH,B
CP,A = CP,B
21
Dimensional Analysis
When plotted in
nondimensional form, all
curves of a family of
geometrically similar
pumps collapse onto one
set of nondimensional
pump performance
curves
Note: Reynolds number
and roughness can often
be neglected,
22
23
Affinity Laws
For two homologous states A and B, we can use
variables to develop ratios (similarity rules, affinity
laws, scaling laws).
24