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Ecg Eeg

Electrocardiography (ECG) involves recording the electrical activity of the heart over time using electrodes placed on the skin. The ECG waveform reflects the coordinated depolarization and repolarization of the heart muscles during each heartbeat. Standard ECG leads are placed on the limbs to detect the timing and amplitude of the P, QRS, and T waves, which correspond to atrial depolarization, ventricular depolarization and repolarization. Conditions like ischemic heart disease and arrhythmias can be identified by abnormalities in the ECG waveform.

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111 views

Ecg Eeg

Electrocardiography (ECG) involves recording the electrical activity of the heart over time using electrodes placed on the skin. The ECG waveform reflects the coordinated depolarization and repolarization of the heart muscles during each heartbeat. Standard ECG leads are placed on the limbs to detect the timing and amplitude of the P, QRS, and T waves, which correspond to atrial depolarization, ventricular depolarization and repolarization. Conditions like ischemic heart disease and arrhythmias can be identified by abnormalities in the ECG waveform.

Uploaded by

senthilsss85
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electrocardiography(ECG)

WhatisElectrocardiography?
Studyofelectricalactivityoftheheartmuscles.
ThepotentialoriginatedintheindividualfibersofHeartmuscles
areaddedtoproducetheECGwaveform.
TheECGreflectstherhythmicelectricaldepolarizationandre
depolarizationofheartmuscles.

Electrocardiogram(ECG/EKG)
Isarecordingofelectricalactivityofheartconductedthruionsin
bodytosurface

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ECGWaveform

PhysiologicalNatureofECG
Waveform
Origin

PWave

AtrialDepolarizationor
contraction

Rwave
Repolarizationofthebrain
(QRSComplex) anddepolarizationofthe
ventricles
TWave
STInterval
UWave

Ventricularrepolarization
(Relaxationof
Myocardium)

Amplitude(
mv)
0.25

Duration
(sec)
012to0.22
(PRinterval)

1.60

0.07to0.1

0.1to0.5

0.05to0.15
(STinterval)

<0.1

0.2
(TUinterval)

Ventricularcontraction
Slowrepolarizationofthe
interaventicular

ECGleadConfigurations
Standardlimbleads(or)Bipolarlimpleads
Augmentedunipolarlimpleads
Chestlead(or)precordialleads
FrankLeadsystem(or)correctedorthogonal
leads

Standardlimbleads
(or)Bipolarlimpleads
LeadsI:recordsthedifferenceinelectrical
potentialbetweentheleftarm(LA)andtheright
arm(RA).
LeadII:recordstheelectricalpotentialbetween
theRAandtheleftleg(LL).
LeadIIIreflectsthedifferencebetweentheLA
andtheLL.Therightleg(RL)electrodeisan
inactivegroundinallleads.

Augmentedunipolarlimplead
ECGrecordedB/WasingleExploratoryelectrodeand
thecentralElectrode
SmallincreaseintheECGVoltage

aVR=VIVIII/2aVL=VIVIIaVF=VIIVI/2

Chestlead(or)precordialleads
ECGrecordedB/WasingleExploratoryelectrodeand
thecentralElectrode.
Exploratoryelectrode:ChestElectrodeareplacedonthe
sixdifferentpointonthechest
closedtoheart
CentralElectrode:Byconnectingthreeequallarge
resistancetotheLeftArm,RightArm,
LeftLeg

Fig.13.24g

IschemicHeartDisease
Ismostcommonlyduetoatherosclerosisin
coronaryarteries
Ischemiaoccurswhenbloodsupplytotissueis
deficient
Causesincreasedlacticacidfromanaerobicmetabolism

Oftenaccompaniedbyanginapectoris(chestpain)

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IschemicHeartDisease
DetectablebychangesinSTsegmentofECG
Myocardialinfarction(MI)isaheartattack
Diagnosedbyhighlevelsofcreatinephosphate(CPK)&lactate
dehydrogenase(LDH)

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ArrhythmiasDetectedonECG
Arrhythmiasareabnormalheartrhythms
Heartrate<60/minisbradycardia;>100/minis
tachycardia

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ArrhythmiasDetectedonECGcontinued
Influttercontractionratescanbe200300/min
Infibrillationcontractionofmyocardialcellsis
uncoordinated&pumpingineffective
Ventricularfibrillationislifethreatening
Electricaldefibrillationresynchronizesheartbydepolarizingallcellsatsame
time

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ArrhythmiasDetectedonECGcontinued
AVnodeblockoccurwhennodeisdamaged
FirstdegreeAVnodeblockiswhenconductionthroughAVnode>
0.2sec
CauseslongPRinterval

SeconddegreeAVnodeblockiswhenonly1outof24atrialAPs
canpasstoventricles
CausesPwaveswithnoQRS

InthirddegreeorcompleteAVnodeblocknoatrialactivitypassesto
ventricles
VentriclesdrivenslowlybybundleofHisorPurkinjes

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ArrhythmiasDetectedonECGcontinued
AVnodeblockoccurswhennodeisdamaged
FirstdegreeAVnodeblockiswhenconduction
thruAVnode>0.2sec
CauseslongPRinterval

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ArrhythmiasDetectedonECGcontinued
SeconddegreeAVnodeblockiswhenonly1outof2
4atrialAPscanpasstoventricles
CausesPwaveswithnoQRS

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ArrhythmiasDetectedonECGcontinued
InthirddegreeorcompleteAVnodeblock,noatrialactivity
passestoventricles
VentriclesaredrivenslowlybybundleofHisorPurkinjes

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RecordingSetup

EEG(ElectroEncephalonGraph)

ElectrodePlacementinEEG

CharacteristicsoftheEEG
Theimportantinformationisinthefrequency
domain.
Thefrequencyrangefrom0.5to30Hzhasbeen
arbitrarilydividedinto5bands:
Delta0.54HzDeepSleep
Theta48HzDrowsiness/lightsleep
Alpha813HzRelaxed
Beta1322HzAlert
Gamma2230HzShorttermmemorytasks?

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