Dependency injection
November 2012
Dependency injection
What it is
Why to use it
How to use it
How it impacts OO design
How to use it in practice
Containers
Example
Example from another company
What do you think, why?
Example - results
Procedural programming
They use OO language
They dont use any of OOPs advantages
State of objects
Polymorphism, inheritance
OO design
Static classes and methods
Example results 2
Global variables
Debugging
Huge system, not essential money loss risk
Not even once tested before prod
A lot of production defects
Their solution -> unit testing
What is Dependency Injection
Instead of having your objects creating a dependency
or asking a factory object to make one for them, you
pass the needed dependencies in to the constructor,
and you make it somebody else's problem (an object
further up the dependency graph, or a dependency
injector that builds the dependency graph).
How to use Dependency Injection 1
How to make it better?
How to use Dependency Injection 2
How to make it better?
Advantages of Dependency Injection
Everyone knows dependencies of the class
No hidden dependencies
Enhances OO design modularity, loose coupling
When combined with IoC you to work with interface
instead of concrete implementation and makes your
class independent on implementation
Advantages of Dependency Injection
Inversion of control
Traditionally, the flow of the business logic is
determined by objects that are statically assigned to
one another. With inversion of control, the flow
depends on the object graph that is instantiated by
the assembler and is made possible by object
interactions being defined through abstractions. The
binding process is achieved through dependency
injection.
Unit testing and TDD
Stubs and mocks
Ref other Keenans
Results
Advantages
Disadvantages / implications
Constructing objects
Class1(Interface2,
Interface3)
Class2(Interface4)
Class4()
Class3(Interface5,
Class5()
Interface6)
Class6()
var class1 = New Class1(new Class2(new Class4()),
new Class3(new Class5(), new Class6()));
Factory pattern
Constructs concrete implementations
Can contain some logic, more methods etc.
Injecting factory
Vysvestlit factory a pak predavani factory konstruktorem (pokud potrebuju vytvaret objekty)
Pokud potrebuju vytvorit rozdilne objekty pokazde predavani factory konstruktorem
Dependency Injection Frameworks (Containers)
DI Container (IoC Container) != DI
Automation of Dependency Injection
Primary goal is to decouple, not inject
Ninject, Castle Windsor, Spring.NET, StructureMap,
Unity,
No DI Container
DI Container
No DI
Spaghetti Code
Service Locator AntiPattern
DI
Manual Dependency
Injection
Enhanced Dependency
Injection
Castle Windsor
Dynamic proxy
Helps implement proxy pattern
actual creation of proxy type happens at runtime,
and you dynamically can compose your proxy
objects.
interceptor gets a IInvocation object that holds all
the information about current request, like the
MethodInfo of the method called, along with its
parameters and returned value, reference to the
proxy, as well as proxied object
Castle Windsor
Castle.Core, Castle.Windsor
Dependencies resolved at runtime
(IType)kernel.Resolve(IType);
Close d2c
Add examples of castle in d2c
Creating a controller
Registration
Dyn proxy
Summary
Dependency injection
Factory
Containers
Questions
