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Graphing Form of Sine and Cosine Functions

1) The document discusses the graphing forms of sine and cosine functions, including how changing parameters like amplitude (a), period, and horizontal (h) and vertical (k) shifts affect the graphs. 2) The standard forms are given as y = a sin(b(x-h))+k for sine and y = a cos(b(x-h))+k for cosine, where b controls the period. 3) Examples are given of transforming standard sine and cosine graphs by changing parameters and writing the corresponding equations.

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fristy lasty
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158 views

Graphing Form of Sine and Cosine Functions

1) The document discusses the graphing forms of sine and cosine functions, including how changing parameters like amplitude (a), period, and horizontal (h) and vertical (k) shifts affect the graphs. 2) The standard forms are given as y = a sin(b(x-h))+k for sine and y = a cos(b(x-h))+k for cosine, where b controls the period. 3) Examples are given of transforming standard sine and cosine graphs by changing parameters and writing the corresponding equations.

Uploaded by

fristy lasty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Graphing Form of Sine and

Cosine Functions

Period
The length of one cycle of a graph.

Initial Trigonometric Graphing Form


Do not
write these
on your
worksheet
yet. We
still need
to add one
more
parameter.

Sine

y a sin x h k
Cosine

y a cos x h k

Requirements for a Sine/Cosine Graph


x-intercept
2
Arrows
(to show
that there
infinite
cycles)

4
At least one Period
(in other words, at least 5 consecutive
critical points accurately plotted)

The Amplitude and the Effect of a


Amplitude:
Half of the
distance between
the maximum and
minimum values
of the range of a
periodic function
with a bounded
range.

a
0<a<1
=<
a
>10
1
y sin
sin
0.5sin
x x x
y 3sin x

Amplitude =

0.5
1
3

The amplitude is the absolute value of a! It is a


positive distance.

Example: Sine
Transformation: Flip the parent graph and
translate it 3Pi/2 units to the left.
New Equation:

y=0

y sin x

3
2

Period:
x = -3/2

2
You need at least 5 consecutive critical points.

Example: Cosine
Transformation: Translate the parent graph Pi/2
units to the left and 1 unit down.
New Equation:

y cos x

Period:
y = -1
x = -/2

2
You need at least 5 consecutive critical points.

Sine v Cosine

Sine
Cosine

(Press the Graph)

Example: Sine or Cosine?


Transformation: Amplitude - 2 Graph Translation - 3 units up and
Period - 2
Orientation New Equation:
Since the Sine and Cosine
graphs are periodic and
translations of each other, there
are infinite equations that
represent the same curve.
2
Here are two examples.

y=3

Example: Sine or Cosine?


Transformation: Amplitude - 2 Graph - Sine
Translation - 3 units up and 3/4
to the left
Period - 2
Orientation - Positive
New Equation:

y=3

x = -3/4

y 2sin x

3
4

OR

Example: Sine or Cosine?


Transformation: Amplitude - 2 Graph - Cosine
/4 to the left
Translation - 3 units up and
Period - 2
Orientation - Positive
New Equation:

y=3

x = -/4

y 2 cos x

Changing the Period


Find the period for each graph and generalize the result.

y sin x

1 cycle in 2
2

Period

2
1

Period = 2

y sin 2 x 2 cycles in 2
Period

2
2

Period = 8

Period 124 2 4 8

y cos 14 x 1/4 cycle in 2

y cos 4 x 4 cycles in 2

Period =

Period

Period

2
4

12

2
The coefficient of x

Period = 0.5

Determining the Period of Sine/Cosine Graph

If y sin bx or y cos bx , the period (the


length of one cycle) is determined by:

Period

2
b

Ex: What is the period of f x 7 sin 3 x 2?

Period

2
3

Changing the Period w/o Affecting (h,k)


The key point (h,k) is a point on the sine graph.
Also, multiplying x by a constant changes the
period. Below are two different ways to write a
transformation. In order for the equation to be
useful, it must directly change the graph in a
specific manner. Which equation changes the
period and contains the point (-3,4)?

y sin 2 x 3 4
or

y sin 2 x 3 4

Graphing Form for Sine

y a sin b x h k
Period 2 b
k a

Amplitude: a

k
k a

Period:
h

2
b

Graphing Form for Cosine

y a cos b x h k
Period 2 b
k a

k
k a

Amplitude: a
Period:

2
b

Notation: Trigonometric Functions

y sin 2 x 5
6

Correct
way for
the
calculator!

is equivalent to


y sin 2 x 5
6

Example: Sine
Transformation: Change the amplitude to 0.5
and the period to . Then translate it /2 units
to the right and 1 unit down.
Not in
New Equation:

Graphing
form

y 0.5sin 2 x 1

y 0.5sin 2 x

2
y = -1

x = /2

Period:

2
2

You need at least 5 consecutive critical points.

Example: Cosine
Transformation: Change the period to 4 and
translate the parent graph 1 unit up.

y=1

New Equation:

y cos x 1
1
2

Period:
x=0

2
12

You need at least 5 consecutive critical points.

Example: Sine or Cosine?


Transformation: Amplitude -1.5 Graph Translation - 2 units down and
Period - /2
Orientation
2

New Equation:
Since the Sine and Cosine graphs are periodic and
translations of each other, there are infinite equations
that represent the same curve. Here are two
examples.

y = -2

Period:

b4

2
b

Example: Sine or Cosine?


Transformation: Amplitude -1.5 Graph - Cosine
Translation - 2 units down and
Period - /2
Orientation - Positive
x=0

New Equation:

y 1.5cos 4 x 2
y = -2

Period:

b4

2
b

OR

Example: Sine or Cosine?


Transformation: Amplitude -1.5 Graph - Sine
Translation - 2 units down and 5/8
to the right
Period - /2
Orientation - Negative
x = 5/8

New Equation:

y sin 4 x
3
2

y = -2

Period:

b4

2
b

5
8

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