Scribd
Upload
116 views11 pages

The Quadratic Polynomial The Quadratic Equation The Quadratic Inequality

The document discusses key concepts regarding quadratic functions and equations including: 1) The graph of a quadratic function f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c is a parabola that opens up or down depending on whether a is positive or negative. 2) Completing the square can be used to write any quadratic function in the form f(x) = a(x - p)^2 + q, which reveals properties like the vertex. 3) The quadratic formula -b ± √(b^2 - 4ac)/2a can be derived from completing the square and is used to solve quadratic equations ax^2 + bx + c = 0.

Uploaded by

CY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
116 views11 pages

The Quadratic Polynomial The Quadratic Equation The Quadratic Inequality

The document discusses key concepts regarding quadratic functions and equations including: 1) The graph of a quadratic function f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c is a parabola that opens up or down depending on whether a is positive or negative. 2) Completing the square can be used to write any quadratic function in the form f(x) = a(x - p)^2 + q, which reveals properties like the vertex. 3) The quadratic formula -b ± √(b^2 - 4ac)/2a can be derived from completing the square and is used to solve quadratic equations ax^2 + bx + c = 0.

Uploaded by

CY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

The quadratic polynomial;

The quadratic equation;


The quadratic inequality
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, a 0
ax2 + bx + c = 0, a 0
ax2 + bx + c > 0, a 0

Graph of the quadratic function


The

graph of f(x) = ax2 + bx + c is a parabola.


a<0

a>0
axis of
symmetry

minimu
m point

maximum
point

Completing the square


In

general,
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
can be expressed in the form
f(x) = a(x p)2 + q
by completing the square.

Completing the square


Example

1:
f(x) = x2 + 8x 3
= x2 + 8x + 16 16 3
= (x + 4)2 19
(x + 4)2 0 for all real values of x,
f(x) -19.
Or, the minimum point is at (- 4, -19)

When (x + 4)2 =
0,
x = - 4.

Completing the square

Example 2:
g(x) = -2x2 + 6x + 5
= -2(x2 3x + 5/2)
= -2(x2 3x + 9/4 - 9/4 + 5/2)
= -2[(x 3/2)2 + 1/4]
= -2(x 3/2)2
(x 3/2)2 0 for all real values of x,
f(x) .
Or, the maximum point is at (3/2, )

When (x 3/2)2 = 0,
x = 3/2

The quadratic equation

Derive the quadratic formula by completing the square:

ax 2 bx c 0

b
x

2a

c
b
x x 0
a
a
2

x2

b
c
b
b
x

0
a
a
2a
2a

b
x
2a

c
b


a
2a

b 2 4ac

4a 2

b
b 2 4ac
x

2a
4a 2
b
x

2a

b 2 4ac
2a

b b 2 4ac
x
2a

Types of roots of a quadratic equation


The

nature of the roots of a quadratic equation


depends on the value of the discriminant,
D = b2 - 4ac.

Types of roots of a quadratic equation


Case

1: When b2 4ac > 0, the roots are real and


different.
y

a>0

The graph intersects


the x-axis at two
different points.

a<0

Types of roots of a quadratic equation


Case

2: When b2 4ac = 0, the roots are real and


equal.
y

a>0

O
The graph touches
the x-axis.

a<0

Types of roots of a quadratic equation


Case

3: When b2 4ac < 0, the roots are complex.


a>0

O
The graph does not
intersect the x-axis.

a<0

Relation between roots and coefficients

Let and be the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx


+ c = 0.
Then,
x = ,
or
x=
x - = 0,
or
x-=0
(x - )(x - ) = 0
x2 ( + )x + = 0
This must be the same as the original eqation.
Writing the original equation as x2 + (b/a)x + c/a = 0 and
comparing coefficients, we have
b
c
,

a
a

You might also like