Nano Technology

Prof.Dr

P.Veeramani
Sr Principal Scientist-CSIR-CECRI

Nano
21st century belongs to Gene
technology and Nano technology.
Nano Science and Technologies are
likely to touch every aspect of our life
in next few years.

Nano Science
Dr CNRRao quoted " India missed the
semiconductor revolution in 1950's. The
transistor discovery changed the world. We
did not get into it in a big way.
"We cannot do the mistake again in the area
of nanotechnology which may become big in
another five or six years" he said.
Already a lot of work on nano-wires, nano
tubes and nano-circuits was being done in
the world over. In near future, it may lead to
production of nano-computers (very small
size computers)" he said.

Nano Technology
Common mans benefit
There is a misconception that nano
technology is related only to a high
profile Scientists and Researchers; it
would provide technical assistance in
complicated projects. Instead the nano
science would directly benefit a common
man when it comes in to commercial
uses. But till then, there is an immediate
need to convert this science into proper
form of technology.

Nano Science
Nano technology also useful in development
of sensors. If these sensors are fitted into the
uniform of soldiers and their blood comes in
contact with the sensor, it would pass
information about the wearers condition to
the zonal headquarters. Also a smart coating
of nano-particles on the fabrics could make it
a bullet-proof one, which is useful for the
defense personnel.
Besides, the sensors we are talking about,
can even help in monitoring of environment
and could provide data on the amount of
undesirable elements present in the
atmosphere, in the isolated area.

Nano science

Imagine a shirt which protects you from cold

during chilly weather, as well as provides
you cooling effect during the hot summer .
Also, if it is light coloured at high
temperature, it could transform into dark
colour during winters, so as to provide the
soothing effect. The production of smartclothing is easily possible by putting a
nano-coating on the fabric. Similarly, stainfree and crease-free clothing, which is
already available in the market, is the
outcome of this technology.

Nano science

In India the importance of Nano technology

came to lime light recently. It became quite
clear that the next wave of technology after
the Computer and Management, is the
Nano technology. There are few Institutions
in our country doing serious research in
Nano technology but one does not hear of
the exact nature of work being carried out.
Nano technology has been introduced as a
subject in some of our institutions in the
developed countries.

Nano technology
Awareness in student community about this
emerging technology would help in
attracting more talent.
It is high time to wake up and start serious
work on Nano technology and an
educational activity to keep up with those
advanced countries.
It is also presumed that Nano technology
would touch every other sphere of technical
activities and make the current technologies
look like Bullock Cart of 18th century.

Nano technology

First Development:
Past decade, experiments have been done for
Nano scale. Emerging tools adopted are
Scanning Electron Microscopy-- SEM
Quantum mechanical computer simulation &
X ray lithography

These combined together with new synthesis

methods.
Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is leading to
a significantly greater, ever accelerating
understanding of scientific endeavor at nano
scale. These progressions have been paralled
by the discovery of fullerenes and nano tubes.

Nano technology
Second development
N T aims and desires to manufacture with
ultimate accuracy on the atomic scale in a
Bottom up manner. This means rather than
traditional approach to manufacturing
whereby bulk materials are whittled down.
N T aims to produce devices commencing
with the self assembly of individual atoms
into precise configurations, as has been the
case with combinational chemistry.
Another means of NT Top down
processes such as lithography combined
with CVD.

Nano technology
Third development
The recognition of NT as an emerging field
demands and creates new levels of multidisciplinary participation and cross
fertilization amongst the sciences.
Practically this happens because of
integrated exploitation of biological
principles, physical laws and chemical
properties at nanoscale.

Nano size
What is Nano Technology?
Nano technology is defined as the design,
charecterisation, production and application
of structures, devices and systems by
controlling shape and size at nano meter
scale.
A nano meter, One billionth of meter is about
10000 times narrower than Human HAIR.
Nano technology is a hybrid science of
combining Chemistry and Engineering.

Nano technology
Atoms and molecules stick together
because they have complimentary
shapes that lock together.
As millions of atoms are pieced together
by nano machines, a specific product
will form a desired shape. The goal of
Nano technology is to manipulate atoms
individually and place them in a pattern
to produce a desired structure.

Nano technology

Even Nano technology is defined by

the length scale, while Scientist and
Engineers discover new phenomena.
It provides exquisite new tools to
engineer novel materials and devices
in Nano scale.

Nanotechnology in Medicine Researchers in medicines

are developing customized nanoparticles as the size of
molecules that can directly deliver drugs to the diseased cells
in the body. When this method is perfected than it will reduce
the damaged treatment such as chemotherapy does to the
patients healthy cells.
Nanotechnology in Electronics Nanotechnology increases
the capabilities of electronics devices while reducing their
weight and power consumption.
Improves display screens on electronics devices.
Increasing the density of memory chips
Reducing the size of transistors used in integrated circuits

Nanotechnology in Electronics Nanotechnology may hold

the key to make spce flight more practical. Advancements in
nanomaterials make lightweight solar sails and a cable for the
space elevator possible. By significantly reducing the amount
of rocket fuel required, these advances could lower the cost of
reaching orbit and traveling in space.
Nanotechnology in Food Nanotechnology will have great
impact in terms of food. Companies are making nanimaterials
not only in the taste of food but also in food safety. So
nanotechnology will help in delivering benefits in food.
Apart from science electronics, food and medicine it also is
also used in fuels, better air quality, solar cells, batteries,
cleaner water, chemical sensors, fabric and sporting goods.
Thus, nanotechnology is doing great in all spheres of life by
making things simple and more useful.

Nanotechnology
The word nano is not a smallest thing on the
planet. The protons, neurons, leptons and
neutrinos are considered as the family of
electrons out of which quarks and leptons are
the smallest known particle. Protons,
neutrons, pions, quarks are some of the sub
atomic particles, smaller than electrons.
Nanotechnology is the manufacturing of
electronic circuits and mechanical devices.
Nanotechnology means not making things
that are smaller, faster or stronger but making
something completely new or with better
properties or making machines that will lead
to new manufacturing paradigms.

BLUE TOOTH
TECHNOLOGY
Human communicate and retrieve information
primarily using audio & visual means;
although tactile senses also provide
information. Visual information requires large
amounts of data to be transmitted and
processed.
It seems that in the long run this & the need
for low power will require first base station to
be not at a distance defined by a kilometer. In
short relay stations will be ubiquitous in the
future. There is some evidence that this is
BLUE TOOTH technology

BLUE TOOTH TECHNOLOGY

Human body is wired by nature. Our nervous

system operates on electrical impulses,
generated by synaptic connections. There
are many instances in which electrical signals
between the brain and an organ or part of a
body are disturbed or blocked. This could be
due to an accident, disease or defect.
Assume a spinal injury and signals to and
from brain can no longer be transmitted
below the injured site. A chip can intercept
the neuronal electrical signals, transmit them
across the injured site and then another chip
couples the signal back to the bodys nervous
system. Nano science will play an
increasingly important role here.

History on Nano development

Richard Feynman- Nobel laureate(1965) told
the possibility of maneuvering things atom by
atom
K.Eric Drexler- sugested nanomachines can
fabricate products with atomic accuracy
Richard Smalley- discovery of fullerence

Application of Nano
technology
Automobile- Core area , nano tubes with
exorbitant strength, light weight.
Optics- for energy saving demand for
artificial light with good lumens is possible.
Electronics-Micro electronics into nano
electronics with better performance, smaller
in size at lower cost. Nano scale robot,
biological nanobots operating DNA
instructions.

Application of Nano
technology
Biotechnology-understanding the basic
principle of biological functional units. It is
bridging gap between inanimate and animate
nature
Materials-new materials will be stronger,
lighter & interactive; knife that never need
sharpening
Medicine-if you affected by cold/cough/any
disease just drink a teaspoon of liquid
contains luster of molecule sizes nanobots
programmed to enter the bodys cell and fight
viruses.

Application of Nano
technology
Dental care- can be possible to put a
halt to the genitics behind tooth loss,
gum disease & bone loss due to
aging.no more missing teeth is the
promise in future. Molecular sized robot
will help in growing new, decay proof&
crack resistant tooth
Power storage- to build smaller & more
efficient Fuel cell
General products- tiny robotic
submarines that navigating the

Application of Nano technology

Information tech-will provide improved
quality devices with maximum charecterestics
in miniature form. This will help in speed
enhancement and power reduction in
information processing devce sensors for
signal acquisition, logic devices for
processing, storage devices for memory,
displays for visualizations and transmission
devices for communication.
Stretchable silicon offers different capabilities
than can be achieved with standard silicon
chips, bendable & stretchable sensors may
be used in biological tissues, structural
monitors etc.

Application of Nano
technology
Space- reduction in size,weight& power
consumption of payloads is the
mission.nanostructuring is also critical to
design&manufacturing light weight, high
strength, thermally stable materials for
plane, rockets, space stations&
planetary/solar exploratory platforms
Defense-smart weapons- small bullet
sized weapon could pack more explosives
and can be released in multiples.

Nano in Electronics

Nanotechnology in the field of electronics is

unimaginable. Micro electronics is further
developed in to nano electronics with even better
performance of even smaller components at even
lower costs. Computer based on nanotechnology
will be smaller and more powerful and will
accelerate advances in nano technology itself.
Even without computers, nanotechnology will allow
incorporation of a kind of intelligence into materials
that will react to and influence their environment in
complex and predictable ways, much as biological
organism does.

Nano bots

Taken a step further nano scale robots, or

nanobots will be able to operate automously to
inspect, mend or destroy targeted substances.
Biological nanobots will do the same operating on
DNA instructions. Both types of nanobots will be
able to replicate themselves. This decline of
marginal unit cost is based on the unique
characteristics of the chip material silicon. Only
silicon can be produced in great volumes with the
greatest perfection and is therefore the basis for a
material system dominating present and future
electronics. Germany had a leading position in the
production and processing of perfect silicon wafers
with 200mm and 300mm diameter for memories
and processors which offer clear benefits in terms

Nano in computer

In near future all it will take is 5 electrons to

represent a smaller computer bit. With the use of
Carbon nano tube components and Molecular
components more powerful and fast computer can
be made. Usually the output from a computer is
now an image or a piece of text, but since
computers are used on frequently to design an
object, it would be useful to provide an output that
was three dimensional art fact itself. Various
technologies for rapid prototyping have achieved
this goal. This can be done by repeated ink-jet
printing, instead of ink, a material that solidifies
after printing, to build upon a three dimensional
image made from plastic.

Nano in computer

Alternatively a container of liquid monomer

can be scanned by a laser beam whose
light initiates the polymerization of the
monomer to form a solid plastic object. This
reflects the fact that efforts in the
information technology industry have been
devoted to increasing performance almost
at any cost. Low energy devices or nano
structured microprocessor devices will
improve the efficiency of computers by a
factor of millions and small storage devices
which has capacities at multi terabit levels,

Future of Nano in Computer

A fully stretchable form a single crystal with silicon

with micron sized, wave like geometries that can be
used to build high performance electronic devices
on rubber substrates has been made.
Stretchable silicon offers different capabilities
than can be achieved with standard silicon
chips said John Rogers, who is the professor of
materials science and engineering. Functional
stretchable and bendable electronics could be
used in applications such as sensors and drive
electronics for integration into artificial muscles or
biological tissues, structural monitors wrapped
around aircraft wings and comfortable skins for
integrated robotic sensors.

Future of Nano in Computer

The vision for research and development in

computers,
communication
and
information
management envisages development of various
key computer based applications in scientific,
engineering, control and instrumentation as well as
data/information handling. This would require
development of the state of art IT infrastructure
with Robust and comprehensive scheme of
security products and systems by carrying out front
line research in various core areas such as high
performance computing, high end visualization.
The effort will be towards development of better
efficient and well engineered software packages,
innovative hardware/embedded products.

Electric vehicle

Solar PV car

Nano in Auto sectors

Nano coating on wind shield eliminates fog/
ice or even rainy water on the surface of
glass.
Nano paint preserve the body against the
severe corrosion/ marine atmosphere
Nano chemicals used in Tyres enhance the
life of the tyre which will run for a distance
of 150,000 miles against 5000 miles
presently.
Nano ceramics & plastics combination yield
light weight with higher strength will be of
useful for the chassis and supporting
structure of Automoble.

Monitoring & Control systems by

Nano Tech

Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) are

miniature sensors and motors about the size of a
dust particle. They can be implanted as
indicators of stress and corrosion rates in
materials, or on the surface of truck bodies to
reduce drag and increase aerodynamic efficiency.
High power switches in ignition devices.
Electronics could be developed by using
nanotubes to replace silicon as a semiconductor.
Carbon nanotubes could be used for flat screen
display technology in electronic display screens.
Advanced Virtual Reality design technologies
combine tele- robotics (with nanotechnology in
sensors), multimedia, computer-aided design,
process simulation, ergonomics simulation (as in
mannequin tools) and computer-generated
imagery. These technologies increase the speed
and reduce the cost of new vehicle designs.

Nanotechnology incorporated into sensors and

monitoring devices provides on-board diagnostic
indicators used to increase the efficiency of
maintenance and repair activities in relation to
mechanical parts and tyres.
Sensors incorporating nanotechnology could be
used for the monitoring of the effectiveness of
emission control systems and other
environmental needs.
Automated vehicle control (AVC) systems are onboard technologies geared towards traffic
safety. They can assist drivers in obstacle
detection, anti-collision sensing and infrared
sensing for night driving. More advanced AVC
technologies allow for automated
driving. Nanotechnology has a role to play in the
sensing devices used in this technology, and in
advanced radar technology.

New Materials to Improve

Performance and Reduce Cost

New, light weight and stronger materials such

as surface coatings, ultra-strong lightweight
materials, and thin layers on bearings and
gliding elements. These materials have uses
in vehicle bodies, suspensions, brake fittings,
sway bars and wheels. The replacement of
existing automobile frames with carbon
nanotubes-based alloys will provide for high
strength and reduced weight.
A range new energy-efficient engines,
advanced batteries and supercapacitors of fuel
alternatives cold be possible including
compact fuel cells for use in for energy
storage in hybrid electric vehicles and new
types of solar cells for use in surface coatings,
as an auxiliary source of energy.Nanoparticles
for use in catalytic processes are relevant to
improved internal combustion exhaust
control.

Future developments

New ceramics incorporating nanotechnology

used in motor parts.
Improved vibration dampeners based on
magnetic nanofluids.
Nanomaterials can be used to replace toxic
reagents and to reduce waste during
manufacturing.
Nano-scale metal oxide ceramic catalysts will
further reduce harmful emissions. New
electrostatic filters incorporating
nanotechnology.
The use of nanofluids in new types of coolants.
Nano particles as paint additives to get new
coloration effects and greater hardness and
durability in materials. Additionally, nanopolymer composite panels in automobile frames
will enable electrostatic painting, which will
greatly reduce the paint costs and environmental
issues.

Nanotechnology used in new plastics that have

greater strength.
Nanotechnology can be used to bind fibres
tightly enough to be resistant to dirt and water.
The conductive property of fabrics used in car
seats can be improved by the use of
nanoparticles of metals such as silver and
nickel.
Nanotechnology can be used to control the
optical properties of glass to pass only desired
frequencies of light and provide self-cleaning
properties.

Future of Nano Science

Pencil-thin tubules replacing a fat steel cable

Resurfacing existing roads with a coating of high
efficiency solar cells topped by a layer of tough
diamond like coating which can generate 300
watts for each sq. meter
Nail polish- can change the colour by command
or to convert flat screen colour monitor
Micro Robots prowling bloodstream, eliminating
cancer, AIDS, cold or aging process
Building of Star ships out of ordinary rock is
possible
Converting house hold wastes in to food/
diamond rings

Nano Technology

Many giants and big companies are

investing Billions of Dollars to explore
and research in this emerging field of
Nano technology. Like computer
technology, Nano technology also
does not require a lot of investments
but strongly needs a sound in depth
knowledge in Engineering.

Nano Technology
This aspect of Nano technology gives
a definite leverage to India- a country
with large brainpower- like you.
There
is no doubt that rapid
technological transformations require
new paradigms of how to educate the
next generation of academia and
Industry.

Thank U