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Slide 08b - Control Structure - Loop

The document discusses different types of loops in C programming: - For loop: Condition is tested first before the loop, counter is used to control the loop. Syntax includes initialization, condition, increment/decrement. - While loop: Condition is tested first before the loop body executes. Loop is controlled by a condition or counter. - Do-while loop: Body of the loop executes first before the condition is tested. Guarantees the body runs at least once. It provides examples of each loop type and discusses the continue and break statements that can be used to control the flow inside loops. Continue skips the current iteration, while break exits the entire loop immediately.

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EffendyFooad
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
52 views

Slide 08b - Control Structure - Loop

The document discusses different types of loops in C programming: - For loop: Condition is tested first before the loop, counter is used to control the loop. Syntax includes initialization, condition, increment/decrement. - While loop: Condition is tested first before the loop body executes. Loop is controlled by a condition or counter. - Do-while loop: Body of the loop executes first before the condition is tested. Guarantees the body runs at least once. It provides examples of each loop type and discusses the continue and break statements that can be used to control the flow inside loops. Continue skips the current iteration, while break exits the entire loop immediately.

Uploaded by

EffendyFooad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 36

LOOP

(Part 2)

for
while
do-while

Loop : for

Condition is tested first


Loop is controlled by a counter
Syntaxes
for (initial value ; condition; update counter)
statement;
Or

for (initial value ; condition; update counter) {


statement;
statement;
}
TK1913-C Programming

Example
Write a program which does the following:
Reads 5 integers and displays the sum of all
integers
Input example: 3
Output example: 16

TK1913-C Programming

Recall the flowchart


counter 1, sum 0
false

counter < 6
true

input x
sumsum+ x
counter++
output sum
TK1913-C Programming

Note the initial


value of i
and condition

i 1, sum 0
false

i< 6
true

How many times


does the loop get
executed?

input x
sumsum+ x
i++
output sum

TK1913-C Programming

i 0, sum 0
false

i< 6
true

How many times


does the loop get
executed?

input x
sumsum+ x
i++
output sum

TK1913-C Programming

i 0, sum 0
false

i< 5
true

How many times


does the loop get
executed?

input x
sumsum+ x
i++
output sum

TK1913-C Programming

The C statements:

int x, sum, i;
sum = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
scanf(%d,&x);
sum = sum + x;
}
printf(%d,sum);
TK1913-C Programming

i 0, sum 0
false

i< 5
true

input x
sumsum+ x

i++
output sum
TK1913-C Programming

int x, sum, i;
sum = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
scanf(%d,&x);
sum = sum + x;
}
printf(%d,sum);
9

for statement
???

Example:
for ( num = 1; num <= 3; num++ )
printf(%d\t, num);
1

num

TK1913-C Programming

10

for statement
1

Example:
for (num = 1; num <= 3; num++ )
printf(%d\t, num);

num

TK1913-C Programming

11

for statement
1

Example:
for (num = 1; num <= 3; num++ )
printf(%d\t, num);

num

TK1913-C Programming

12

for statement
1

Example:
for (num = 1; num <= 3; num++ )
printf(%d\t, num);

num

TK1913-C Programming

13

for statement
2

Example:
for (num = 1; num <= 3; num++ )
printf(%d\t, num);

num

TK1913-C Programming

14

for statement
2

Example:
for (num = 1; num <= 3; num++ )
printf(%d\t, num);

num

TK1913-C Programming

15

for statement
2

Example:
for (num = 1; num <= 3; num++ )
printf(%d\t, num);

bil

TK1913-C Programming

16

for statement
3

Example:
for (num = 1; num <= 3; num++ )
printf(%d\t, num);

num

TK1913-C Programming

17

for statement
3

Example:
for (num = 1; num <= 3; num++ )
printf(%d\t, num);

num

TK1913-C Programming

18

for statement
3

Example:
for (num = 1; num <= 3; num++ )
printf(%d\t, num);

TK1913-C Programming

num

19

for statement
4

Example:
for (num = 1; num <= 3; num++ )
printf(%d\t, num);

TK1913-C Programming

num

20

for statement
4

Example:
for (num = 1; num <= 3; num++ )
printf(%d\t, num);

TK1913-C Programming

num

21

for
while
do-while

TK1913-C Programming

22

Loop: while
Condition is tested first
Loop is controlled by condition or a counter
Syntax
while (condition)
statement;
Or
while (condition) {
statement;
statement;
}

TK1913-C Programming

23

Recall this example:


Given an exam marks as input, display the
appropriate message based on the rules below:
If marks is greater than 49, display PASS,
otherwise display FAIL
However, for input outside the 0-100 range,
display WRONG INPUT and prompt the
user to input again until a valid input is
entered

TK1913-C Programming

24

input m
false

m<0 || m>100
true

WRONG INPUT

input m
Exercise:
Convert this
flowchart to a
C program

true

m>49

PASS

false

FAIL
TK1913-C Programming

25

int marks;
scanf(%d,&marks);
while (marks<0) | | (marks>100) {
printf(WRONG INPUT);
scanf(%d,&marks);
}
if (marks>49) {
printf(PASS);
else
printf(FAIL);
}
TK1913-C Programming

Double
Selection

26

Exercise

Given a set of integers


with the last one being 999
Display the summation of
all the integers.

Draw the
flowchart for
this problem

Input example:
1 3 23
999
Output example:
Sum = 27
TK1913-C Programming

27

Sentinel-controlled loop
#include <stdio.h>

sum=0

void main() {

input x

int sum, x;
sum = 0;

false

scanf(%d, &x);

x!=999

while (x != 999) {

true

sum = sum + x;

sumsum+x

scanf(%d, &x);
}

input x
output sum
TK1913-C Programming

printf(The sum : %d\n, sum);


}
28

int sum, x;
sum = 0;
scanf(%d, &x);
3!=
999
!=!=
999
999
999
!= 999
while (x != 999) { 123
sum = sum + x;
scanf(%d, &x);
}
printf(\nThe sum : %d\n, sum);

_
1

23

sum

?
999
23
1
3

?
4+23
0+1
1+3
27
0
1
4

999

The sum : 27
TK1913-C Programming

29

Do-while Loop

Statements in the loop are executed first (at least


onc, and condition is tested last
Loop is controlled by a condition or counter
Syntax
do {
statement;
statement;
} while (condition);
statement;
TK1913-C Programming

30

do-while statement

start

???
67

end

Example :
printf(Input start and end value : );
scanf(%d %d, &start, &end);
do {
printf(%c (%d)\n, start, start);
start++;
66 <= 67
67
} while (start <= end) ; 68

_Input start and end value : 65


_ 67
67_
A (65)
_ (66)
B
_ (67) TK1913-C Programming
C
_

???
65
66
67
68

31

_ is an even number.
0
number._Print iff even !

continue statement

_ is an even number.
2
number._Print iff even !
_ is an even number.
4
number._Print iff even !

i
0
1
5
6
4
3
2

Example:

for ( i = 0; i <= 5; i++ ) {


if ( i % 2 )
continue;
else
printf(%d is an even number. , i);
printf(Print iff even ! \n);
}
i <= 5
i%2
64
0<=
1
2
3
5<=
<=
55
9false
5true
true

TK1913-C Programming

0
1

32

Now what can you


conclude about
continue?

TK1913-C Programming

33

Input a value between 1-7: 5


_
4
1

break statement

2
3
3YeePee!
Im out of the loop!

printf(Input a value between 1 7: );


scanf(%d,&value);
for (i = 1; i <= 7; i++) {
if ( i = = value )
break;
printf(\n%d,i);
i
1
2
3
4
}
printf(YeePee! Im out of the loop!\n);
TK1913-C Programming

???
4
value

i <= 7
43
21<=
<=
<=777true
true
true

i == value
24
3
1==
==44false
false
true

34

Now what can you


conclude about
break?

TK1913-C Programming

35

End of

st
1

half of the semester


Yes !! Thats all?
Whats next???

1 week HOLIDAY
on the way
TK1913-C Programming

36

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