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Advanced Fluidization Engineering

The document discusses fluidization engineering and provides information on minimum fluidization velocity, pressure drop in fluidized beds, and bed transformations. It explains that minimum fluidization occurs when gravitational and drag forces balance and the bed expands. Pressure drop remains constant once minimum fluidization is reached until gas velocity increases further causing bed material to escape.

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104 views

Advanced Fluidization Engineering

The document discusses fluidization engineering and provides information on minimum fluidization velocity, pressure drop in fluidized beds, and bed transformations. It explains that minimum fluidization occurs when gravitational and drag forces balance and the bed expands. Pressure drop remains constant once minimum fluidization is reached until gas velocity increases further causing bed material to escape.

Uploaded by

ibuddha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRESENTED BY:

PRINCE GEORGE (513CH1070)


DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGG
NIT
Advanced
Fluidization
Engineering
Seminar
Contents

Minimum Fluidization elocit!

Pressure Dro" in Fluidized #eds


Figure $ DPM simulations o% gas&'uidized #eds
Fluidization
Fluidization is t(e )"eration #! *(ic( solid "articles are trans%ormed into
'uid&li+e state t(roug( sus"ension in gas or li,uid-
Bed Trans%ormations
Figure . a/ Fi0ed Bed #/ 1nce"tion o% Fluidization c/ Smoot(l! Fluidized Bed d/
Bu##ling Fluidized Bed
Bed Trans%ormations & E0"lained

1n Figure . 2a/ 3t(e drag e0erted on t(e solid "articles #! t(e 'o*ing gas 4 li,uid3 and
at lo* gas 4 li,uid velocities t(e "ressure dro" %ollo*s t(e Ergun e,uation3 5ust as %or
an! t!"e o% "ac+ed #ed-

6it( increase in 'o* rate 3"articles move a"art 3vi#rate and move in restricted
regions suc( condition is called t(e E0"anded Bed-

At still (ig(er velocit!3 "articles are 5ust sus"ended #! u"*ard gas 'o*- T(e %rictional
%orce #et*een "articles and 'uid 5ust counter&#alance t(e *eig(t o% "articles- At suc(
as condition t(e #ed is said to #e Fluidized and t(e "oint is +no*n as 1nce"tion o%
Fluidization as in Figure .2#/-
Bed Trans%ormations & E0"lained

From Figure . 2c/31% t(e gas velocit! is increased still %urt(er3 e0"ansion o% t(e
#ed *ill continue to occur7 t(e solid "articles *ill #ecome some*(at
se"arated %rom eac( ot(er and #egin move around in a restless manner-
T(e gross 'o* insta#ilities are cancelled out or dam"ed3 Suc( condition is called
smoot(l! Fluidized Bed-

1ncreasing t(e velocit! 5ust a slig(t amount %urt(er causes insta#ilities3 and
some o% t(e gas starts #!"assing t(e rest o% t(e #ed in t(e %orm o%
#u##les-
Bed Trans%ormations & E0"lained

1ncidentall! %rom Figure . 2d/ 3 t(e solids in t(e #ed #egin moving u"*ard3
do*n*ard3 and around in a (ig(l! agitated %as(ion a""earing as a
#oiling %rot(ing mi0ture-

6it( "art o% t(e gas #u##ling t(roug( t(e #ed and t(e solids #eing
moved around as t(oug( t(e! *ere "art o% t(e 'uid3 1t is in a state o%
aggregative3 non&"articulate3 or #u##ling 'uidization-
Minimum Fluidization elocit!
28
m%
/

T(is relations(i" is a conse,uence o% t(e %act t(at t(e mass o% t(e #ed
occu"ied solel! #! t(e solid "articles is t(e same no matter *(at t(e
"orosit! o% t(e #ed-

T(e drag %orce e0ceeds t(e gravitational %orce3 t(e "articles #egin to li%t3 and
t(e #ed e0"ands 3 t(us increasing t(e #ed "orosit!-

T(is increase in #ed "orosit! decreases t(e overall drag until it is again
#alanced #! t(e total gravitational %orce e0erted on t(e solid "articles-
Minimum Fluidization elocit!
28
m%
/
(Pressure drop aross !ed)"(Cross se#$o%a& area o' Tu!e) ( ()o&u*e o' +ed "
,o&$d Fra#$o% " ,pe$- .e$/0#)
Finall! to
Ergun E,uation: 49D
"
:
;
At "oint o% Minimum Fluidization 36eig(t o% Bed e,uals Pressure dro" across t(e Bed
49D
"
:
;
<

Minimum Fluidization elocit!
28
m%
/
For Rep 1 20 Case 'or s*a&& par#$&es
/
For Rep 3 1000 Case 'or 4er5 &ar/e par#$&es
/
For /e%era& Case 'or Iso#rop$ s0aped ,o&$ds
Measured values o% 9
s
range %rom >-? to $3 *it( >-@ #eing a normal value %or a t!"ical
granular solid-

Ar0$*edes %u*!er2Ar/ used to
determine t(e motion o%'uids due
todensit!diAerences- 1t is
adimensionless num#erdeBned as t(e
ratio o% gravitational %orces to viscous
%orces-
g
/g4C
.

oid %raction at Minimum


Fluidization 2:
m%
/
Measured values o% :
mf
*(en t(e "articles in t(e 'uidized #ed are %airl! small can
#e calculated #! correlation t(at a""arentl! gives ,uite accurate "redictions o%
*it(in $>D-
Anot(er commonl! used correlation is o% 6en E Yu-
For large "articles 3 t(e "redicted :
mf
can #e muc( too small- 1% a value o% :
mf
#elo*
>-F> is "redicted3 it s(ould #e considered sus"ect- alues o% :
mf
around >-? are
t!"ical-

Minimum Fluidization elocit!
28
m%
/ Cont-
For u%6%o7% 4a&ues o' a%d 8
mf

can #e re*ritten as
For *ide range o% values %rom >->>$ & F>>> *it( 8
mf
values *it( standard deviation
o% G;FD-
Solving t(e a#ove e,uation
For Coarse "articles
C(itester et al-
For Fine "articles
6en E Yu-

Pressure Dro" in Fluidized #eds
From Hunii and Ievens"iel3 Fluidization Engineering 2Mel#ourne3 FI:
Ro#ert E- Hrieger3 Pu#lis(ing Co- $JKK/- Re"rinted *it( "ermission o% t(e
"u#lis(ers-
A
+ C
F$/ure 3 9 E:e# o' Gas 4e&o$#5 o% Pressure
drop $% F&u$d$;ed +eds
Pressure Dro" in Fluidized #eds
&E0"lained
Till region A 3relative lo* 'o* rates in Fi0ed #ed "ressure dro" is a""ro0- "ro"ortional
to gas velocit! reac(ing LP
ma0
*(ic( is slig(tl! (ig(er t(an Static #ed "ressure dro"-
)n Furt(er increase in gas velocit! voidage increases %rom : to :
m%
resulting in
decrease in "ressure dro" to static #ed "ressure-
1n region B3 t(e "ressure dro" remains constant as t(ere is no %urt(er c(ange in :
m%

as t(ere is no esca"ing o% #ed materials-
6it( %urt(er increase in gas velocit! esca"ing o% #ed materials occurs denoted #!
Minitiation o% entrainmentN in Figure ; at "oint C *it( condition7 LP<6eig(t o%
"articles in Fluidized Bed4Area o% cross section o% tu#e-
A
+
C
TOANH Y)8

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