Scribd
Upload
40 views7 pages

20130919010904SMA6014Chap1.7student (Binary Op)

This document defines and provides examples of binary operations, which assign a unique element in a set A to each ordered pair of elements in A. It discusses properties an operation must have, such as being uniquely defined for all pairs, having the result also in A, and properties like commutativity and associativity. Examples given are addition and multiplication on sets of numbers, with remarks on requirements for an operation and properties like identity and inverse elements.

Uploaded by

Cp Tan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
40 views7 pages

20130919010904SMA6014Chap1.7student (Binary Op)

This document defines and provides examples of binary operations, which assign a unique element in a set A to each ordered pair of elements in A. It discusses properties an operation must have, such as being uniquely defined for all pairs, having the result also in A, and properties like commutativity and associativity. Examples given are addition and multiplication on sets of numbers, with remarks on requirements for an operation and properties like identity and inverse elements.

Uploaded by

Cp Tan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

1

1.7 Binary Operations


A binary operation (or just operation) on a set A
is a rule which assigns to each ordered pair (a,b) of elements
of A
exactly one element a b in A.
Example
1. The usual addition (+) on Z, R, C, R
+
, Z
+
.
2. The usual multiplication (*) on Z, R, C, R
+
, Z
+
.
A A A X :
That is :
2
(2) a b must be uniquely defined.
Three aspects of the definition that need to be stressed:
(1) a b is defined for every ordered pair (a,b) of
elements of A.
Addition (+) on M(R) is not defined.
M(R) -- the set of all matrices with real entries.
A+B is not defined for an ordered pair (A,B) of matrices
having different numbers of rows or of columns.
Suppose we define an operation

on R such that
, , any for R b a . is square se number who the is ab b a
defined uniquely not is
since
8 2
is 4 or -4
Hence addition (+) on M(R) is not an operation
. on operation an not is Hence R
3
(3) If a and b are in A, then a b must also be in A.
-closed under operation.
Suppose we have a set A={0,1,2,3,4}
+ on A is not an operation since A is not closed under +
ex: 2+4 =6
A
Example
1. Is addition (+) an operation on R
*
? R
*
-Nonzero real numbers.
Solution
Hence addition (+) on A is not an operation.
4
Commutative
An operation on a set A is commutative if (and only if)
a b = b a
. , all for A b a
Example
Is the operation below commutative?
1. be an operation on Z
+
such that
, , for

Z b a
ab equals the smaller of a and b or the common value if a=b.
Solution
Remark
If the question is: Is a commutative operation .?
Need to check whether it is an operation first!!
Properties of Operation
5
be an operation on Z
+
such that 2.
a b = a
Solution
Associative Operation
An operation on a set A is associative if (and only if)
(a b) C = a (b C )
Example
Addition on R is associative, but division is not.
Ex.
(3/4)/5 = 3/20

3/(4/5) =15/4
6
Identitiy Element
Let be an operation on a set A.
If there is an element e in A with the property that
e a = a and a e =a for every element a in A
then e is called an identity or neutral element with
respect to the operation
Example
0 is the identity element for addition in R.
1 is the identity element for multiplication in R.
Remark
An identity element is unique.
That is, it is the same for all element of a set.
7
Inverse Element
Let be an operation on a set A.
If a is an element in A, and x is an element of A with the
property that
a x = e and x a =e
then x is called an inverse of a.
Example
-a is the inverse of a for addition in R.
1/a is the inverse of a for multiplication in R
) 0 ( a
Remark
An inverse element is not unique in a set but it is unique
for each element.
The inverse of a is denoted by a
-1
.

You might also like