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Synthesis Gas - Co - H - Methanol

This document discusses the production and uses of synthesis gas, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methanol. Synthesis gas is produced from natural gas and coal and contains varying mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It is used as a chemical feedstock and to produce methanol and other chemicals. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be separated from synthesis gas through various processes. Pure carbon monoxide is used to produce chemicals like acetic acid and acetic anhydride. About 50 million tons of hydrogen are produced worldwide each year, largely for ammonia synthesis and oil refining. Methanol is produced from carbon monoxide and hydrogen and is used to make formaldehyde, acetic acid, and other chemicals.

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Suresh Ramakrishnan
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51 views18 pages

Synthesis Gas - Co - H - Methanol

This document discusses the production and uses of synthesis gas, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methanol. Synthesis gas is produced from natural gas and coal and contains varying mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It is used as a chemical feedstock and to produce methanol and other chemicals. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be separated from synthesis gas through various processes. Pure carbon monoxide is used to produce chemicals like acetic acid and acetic anhydride. About 50 million tons of hydrogen are produced worldwide each year, largely for ammonia synthesis and oil refining. Methanol is produced from carbon monoxide and hydrogen and is used to make formaldehyde, acetic acid, and other chemicals.

Uploaded by

Suresh Ramakrishnan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Chapter 1
Synthesis Gas and Methanol
Synthesis Gas
CO
H
2

Methanol


2
Petrochemical Products
95% based upon oil or natural gas
3
Synthesis Gas
(various mixtures of CO/H
2
)

Some ( about 16%) made from coal, but most
from natural gas and oil in the presence of steam.
-CH
2
- + 0.5 O
2
CO + H
2

H = -22 kcal/mol
-CH
2
- + H
2
O CO + 2H
2

H = + 36 kcal/mol
CO/H
2
ratio adjusted by varying the amount of O
2
and H
2
O


4
Syn Gas - Uses
(various mixtures of CO/H
2
)
Chemical feedstock - source of CO and H
2

Production of methanol
Synthesis of aldehydes/alcohols from
olefins via hydroformylation
Manufacture of hydrocarbons
5
CO separated from Syn Gas
One of three ways
Low temperature separation
CuCl solution
Semipermeable membranes
6
Carbon Monoxide
Separated from Syn Gas

By low temperature separation
CO
2
removed to 50 ppm by scrubbing with
ethanolamine
CO
2
and H
2
O removed by molecular sieve
adsorbents
Condense to separate CH
4
and CO from
mixture ( -180C, pressure)
Depressurize to distill the CO overhead

7
Carbon Monoxide
Separated from Syn Gas
By CO absorption in CuCl solution under
pressure followed by desorption under
reduced pressure.
By semipermeable membranes

8
Uses of pure CO
Carbonylation of methanol to acetic acid
Carbonylaton of methyl acetate to acetic
anhydride
Reaction with Cl
2
to produce phosgene.
9
Uses of pure CO
CO
methanol
H
3
C
O
OH
CH
3
CO
2
CH
3
H
3
C
O
O
O
CH
3
acetic anhydride
Cl
2
O
Cl Cl
phosgene
10
H
2
About 50 million tons manufactured
worldwide

11
H
2
About 50 million tons manufactured
worldwide
Think about this!!!
12
H
2
About 50 million tons manufactured
worldwide
Think about this!!!


At a U.S. population of 285 million, that is as if
every man, woman and child in the U.S. each
produced about 400 pounds each year.
13
H
2
About 50 million tons manufactured
worldwide
From syn gas by any of:
Low temperature fractional condensation
Pressure swing absorption of impurities on
zeolite
Separation with semipermeable membranes

14
Hydrogen is used in petroleum refining and in
the following chemical processes:
Hydrogen Uses (USA)
47%
37%
9%
7%
Ammonia Synthesis
Mineral Oil Processing
Methanol Synthesis
Oxo Process, hydrogenation and miscellaneous
15
C
1
units
Methanol
Formaldehyde
Formic Acid
Hydrocyanic Acid
Methylamines
Chloromethanes/ Chlorofluoromethanes
16
Methanol
CO + 2 H
2
CH
3
OH
Uses catalysis
ZnO Cr
2
O
3
typical
CuO ZnO Al
2
O
3
used by BASF

Celanese process involves oxidation of a propane
butane mixture followed by distillation to
produce methanol, acetic acid, formaldehyde and
acetaldehyde
17
Methanol
2.8 billion gallons per year produced in the
U.S.
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group.com/chemprofile.htm

Check out this web site!

18
Methanol Uses
MTBE, 37 % formaldehyde, 23 %
acetic acid, 12 % chloromethanes, 6 %
methyl methacrylate,3%
methylamines, 2%
dimethyl terephthalate, 2 %
miscellaneous, including solvents,
antifreeze and fuels, 15 %

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