SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Jo Anne Eliana Moreno Yepes
Leonardo Andrs Velsquez Rivas
Sebastin Vanegas
Oscar Bernal Lozano

Professional Modern Languages 8AN


According to Fredrick Winslow
Taylor, "Scientific management
means knowing exactly what you
want men to do and seeing that
they do it in the best and the
cheapest way."
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
RELEVANT DATES AND STUDIES
Frederick Winslow Taylor (March 20, 1856 March 21,
1915)
Frederick studied for two years in France and Germany,
in 1872 he entered to the Phillips Exeter Academy.
In 1874 Taylor passed the Harvard examinations with
honors - rapidly deteriorating eyesight.
(Time clerk, journeyman machinist, gang boss over the
lathe hands, machine shop foreman, research director,
and finally chief engineer of the works).
IMPORTANT ASPECTS AND OTHER
STUDIES
He won the first tennis doubles tournament the precursor of the US Open.
He studied via correspondence obtaining a degree in mechanical
engineering.
He opened his independent consulting practice in Philadelphia.
In 1911 Taylor introduced The Principles of Scientific Management paper to
the American.
Mechanical Engineering Society, eight years after he introduced the Shop
Management paper.
TAYLOR'S FOUR PRINCIPLES
Taylor's Four Principles:

1. Principle of Planning: Develop a science
for each element.



2. Principle of Preparation: Scientifically
select and then train, teach, and develop the
workman.


3. Principle of Control: Heartily cooperate
with the men so as to insure all of the work
being done in accordance with the principles
of the science which has been developed.



4. Principle of Execution Performance:
There is an almost equal division of the work
and the responsibility between the
management and the workmen.


Approach: It is a systematic, analytical and
objective approach to solve industrial problems.
Economy: The basis of scientific management is
economy.
A Definite plan: The main characteristic of
scientific management is that before starting and
work there must be a definite plan before as and
the work is to be done strictly according to that
plan.
Discards old methods: It discards the age old
methods of rule of thumb and hit or miss
approaches.
Emphasis: It lays emphasis on all factors of
production, men, material and technology.
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

Techniques: It implies scientific techniques in methods of work,
recruitment, selection and training of workers.
Attempts: It attempts to develop each man to his greatest efficiency
and prosperities.
Method: It attempts to discover the best method of doing a work at
the cheapest cost.
A definite Aim: Scientific management is the process of organizing,
directing, conducting and controlling human activities.
Changes in attitude: It involves a complete change in the mental
attitude of workers as well as the management.
A Set of Rules: There must be a set of rules in accordance with the
laid plan so that the objectives can be achieved.

Techniques Operator rationalization of work by time and
motion study.
Payment of higher wages and lower production costs.
Scientific methods, standardized operational control
processes.
Employees must be brought to jobs where working
conditions are adequate.
Employees must be trained in the execution of the
task to improve their attitudes.
Establish an intimate and friendly atmosphere, to
ensure continuity of the psychological environment.

FIRST PERIOD.
The rationalization of work should be supported by a
general structure of the company to give consistency to the
application of its principles.
Systematic loafing: Workers reduce production to
prevent wage reduction.
management had little knowledge as to the time and
activities.
Lacked uniformity in methods and / or technical jobs.
Scientific management is a theory that evolution, whose
ingredients are 75% to analysis and 25% to common
sense.
SECOND PERIOD.
Science rather than empiricism;
harmony instead of discord;
cooperation rather than individualism;
maximum performance instead of
reduced production.
(ORT) RATIONAL LABOUR
ORGANIZATION
Division of
labor
Authority

Discipline

Remuneration

Common
good
Control unit

Centralization

Hierarchy

Order

Spirit of
working
Initiative

Personal
stability
Equity

Unit direction

ADAM SMITH
Economist, Political
Scientist, Educator, Philosopher, Schol
arand Journalist (c. 17231790).
While his exact date of birth isnt
known, Adam Smiths baptism was
recorded on June 5, 1723, in Kirkcaldy,
Scotland. He attended the Burgh
School, where he studied Latin,
mathematics, history and writing.
PROFESSIONAL LIFE

In 1748, Adam Smith began
giving a series of public
lectures at the University of
Edinburgh. Through these
lectures, in 1750 he met and
became lifelong friends with
Scottish philosopher and
economist David Hume. This
relationship led to Smith's
appointment to the Glasgow
University faculty in 1751.
In 1759 Smith published The Theory of
Moral Sentiments, a book whose main
contention is that human morality depends
on sympathy between the individual and
other members of society.
THE WEALTH OF NATIONS
After toiling for nine years, in
1776 Smith published An Inquiry
into the Nature and Causes of the
Wealth of Nations (usually
shortened to The Wealth of
Nations), which is thought of as
the first work dedicated to the
study of political economy.
THEORY
Adam Smith argues that it was market forces that
ensured the production of the right goods and
services. This would happen because producers
would want to make profits by providing them.
Without government intervention, thus forming a
laissez-faire Look up Laissez-faire in glossary
environment, public well-being would increase
from competition organizing production to suit the
public.
FOLLOWERS OF THE SCIENTIFIC THEORY OF
TAYLOR AND HIS MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS
HENRY FORD FRANK BUNCKER GILBRETH HENRY LAURENCE GANTT
HENRY LAURENCE GANTT
(MARYLAND 1861 NEW YORK 1919)

American mechanical engineer and
management consultant, who is best
known for developing the Gantt Chart
FRANK BUNCKER GILBRETH
(FAIRFIELD 1868 LAKAWANNA 1924)

He was an early advocate of
scientific management and
pioneer of motion study
He and his wife studied the
movements that made masons in
construction, so that they created
ways to make their job easier
HENRY FORD
(MICHIGAN 1863 1947)

Ford Motor Company
manufactured simple and
inexpensive cars
The Assembly line
Massive Consumption