Power Gen in India at a glance
Total Installed Capacity is
1,76,990.40 MW
Coal -96,743.38 MW
54.66%
Gas - 17,706.35 MW
10.00%
Oil - 1,199.75 MW
0.67%
Hydro -37,367.4 MW
21.53%
Nuclear-4,780 MW 2.7%
RE -18,454.52 MW 10.42%
WIND POWER
Total installed
Tamil Nadu
Maharashtra
Karnataka
Rajasthan
Gujarat
Andhra Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Kerala
West Bengal
Other states
-12009.14 MW
-4132.72 MW,
-1837.85 MW,
-1184.45 MW,
-670.97 MW,
-1432.71 MW,
-122.45 MW,
-187.69 MW,
-23.00 MW,
-1.10 MW,
-3.20 MW
Generation
Year
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2009-10
Generation (BU) Growth (%)
704.5
6.3
723.8
2.7
771.6
6.6
571.6
-
(till December 2009)
2010-11
(till December 2010)
597.6
4.5*
Energy Generation
Year
Energy Requirements
(Mu)
2007-08 737052
2008-09 777039
2009-10 830594
2009-10 617907
(till December 2009)
2010-11 638067
(till December 2010)
Energy Availability
(Mu)
Energy Shortage
(Mu)
Energy Shortage
(%)
664660
691038
746644
557308
72392
86001
83950
60599
9.8
11.1
10.1
9.8
582163
55904
8.8
PLF
Year
Central
(%)
2007-08 86.7
2008-09 84.3
2009-10 85.49
(till December 2009)
2010-11 83.13
(till December 2010)
State
(%)
Private
(%)
Overall
(%)
71.9
71.2
70.9
90.8
91
82.41
78.8
77.2
77.53
63.93
79.7
72.88
GAS TURBINE OVERVIEW
GAS TURBINE THEORY
GAS TURBINE
Principle of working:- Works on
Braton Cycle with two nos. Adiabatic
processes
of
compression
&
expansion in compressor and turbine
respectively and Two processes at
constant pressure i.e. Heat addition in
combustion chambers and exhaust at
constant pressure.
GAS TURBINE
Principle of Operation:- Rotor is initially
brought to speed by starting means.
Atmospheric
air
is
drawn
into
the
compressor and raised to static pressure
more than the atmospheric. This high
pressure air is allowed to pass through
continuous flow Combustion Chambers
where fuel is ignited with high voltage
igniters. The product of combustion is
expanded in the turbine which cause it to
spin and thus applying a torque to the
driven accessories i.e. Generator
WORKING PRINCIPLE
BRATON
CYCLE
BRAYTON CYCLE
Developed by Georg Brayton (1832
-1890)
Heat is added and discharged at
constant pressure
Applied in Gas Turbines (GT)
(Combustion Turbines)
BRAYTON CYCLE
Efficiency
(K-1)/K
= 1 1/ rp
where
rp = compressor pressure ratio = p2/p1
k = gas constant
The Actual
Thermodynamic
cycle
For all practical reasons
the actual thermal
efficiency will depend
on
Pressure ratio
Turbine inlet Temp
Compressor inlet temp
Efficiency of Compressor
and Turbine
PRESSURE & TEMP.
VARIATION IN GT
SIMPLE CYCLE SINGLE SHAFT GT
SIMPLE SHAFT TWO SHAFT GT
DESIGNATION O F GAS TURBINES
GE MAKE GT MODELS
Model
ISO Rating (kw)
ISO Efficiency (%)
(1) MS1002
5070
24.5
(2) MS3142(J)
10450
25.6
(3) PG5371(PA)
26300
28.5
(4) PG6581(B)
42100
32.0
(5) PG6111(FA)
75900
35.0
(6) PG9171(E)
123400
33.8
(7) PG9231(EC)
169200
34.9
(8) PG9351(FA)
255600
36.5
(9) PG9551(H)
380,000
Note: ISO output is : 15 deg C, 60% RH, Zero MSL, Gas fuel
and standard Inlet/Exh. Pr. drops
DIFFERENT MAKE GAS TURBINES
OEM
Conventional
Advance (F/FA class)
Model
GT ISO
Output
(MW)
Net CC
Efficiency
(%)
Model
GT ISO
Output
(MW)
Net CC
Efficiency
(%)
9E
126.10
52.7
9FA
255.6
57.1
159.40
52.2
V94.3A 265.9
57.3
MHI
701DA 144.09
51.6
701F
270.3
57.0
Alstom
13E2
52.9
GT 26
263.0
56.3
GE
Siemens V94.2
165.10
GAS TURBINE
GAS TURBINE BASICS
FLANGE TO FLANGE VIEW OF
A GAS TURBINE
GAS TURBINE AUXILIARIES
STARTING MEANS- ENGINE/MOTOR/FC
LUBE OIL PUMPS - MOP
- AOP
- EOP
HYDRAULIC PUMPS- MHOP
- AHOP
AGB
COOLING WATER PUMP
GAS TURBINE AUXILIARIES
BOOSTER COMPRESSOR
ATOMIZING AIR COMPRESSOR
FUEL GAS CONDITIONING SKID
LP FUEL OIL PUMP
HP FUEL OIL PUMP
COMP. WASHING SKID
STARTING CLUTCH
AUX. GEAR BOX
GAS TURBINE SYSTEMS
AIR INLET SYSTEM
COMPRESSION SYSTEM
- AIR COMPRESSOR
- VIGVs
- STATOR BLADES
- ROTOR BLADES
- EGVs
INLET PLENUM
TURBINE FILTERS
TURBINE FILTERS
VIGVs
VIGVs
VIGV
COMPRESSOR ROTOR
INCREASE OF PR. IN COMP
COMP. STATOR BLADES
COMP. ROTOR X- SECTION
GAS TURBINE SYSTEMS
COMBUSTION SYSTEM
- FUEL NOZZLES
- CLs
- TPs
- X- FIRE TUBES
- SPARK PLUGS
- FLAME SCANNERS
HOT GAS PATH OF GT
FUEL NOZZLE
FUEL NOZZLE
X- FIRE TUBES
COMBUSTION LINER
TRANSITION PIECE
SPARK PLUGS
FLAME SCANNER
GAS TURBINE SYSTEMS
EXPANSION
- I, II, III STAGE NOZZLES
- I, II, III STAGE BUCKETS
- I, II, III STAGE SHROUDS
- WHEEL SPACERS
PRESSURE REDUCTION IN GT
X- SECTION 9FA GAS TURBINE ROTOR
U/H TURBINE VIEW
I STAGE BUCKETS
I STAGE NOZZLE
GAS TURBINE CIRCUITS
LUBE OIL CIRCUIT
FUEL OIL SYSTEM
HYD. OIL CIRCUIT
TRIP OIL CIRCUIT
ATOMIZING AIR CIRCUIT
COOLING & SEALING AIR CIRCUIT
GAS TURBINE
GAS TURBINE OPERATION
STARTING A GAS TURBINE
Turning Gear
Cranking
Venting/purging
Firing
Warm up
Acceleration
Full speed No Load
Synchronization
Loading
100 %
5
Speed
Torque converter angle
20 %
4
3
Fuel
Time
0-1 Cranking
1-2 Purging
2-3 Speed down to firing speed
3- Firing
3-4 Warm up
4-5 Acceleration
5-6 Full Speed no load
MERITS OF GT OVER ST
FAST START
HIGH POWER WT RATIO
LOW WATER REQUIREMENT
LOW CAPITAL COST
LOW ERECTION TIME
BETTER LOAD CONTROL
HIGH CYCLE EFFICIENCY IN CC
OPERATION MODE
MERITS OF GT OVER ST
COMPACT DESIGN
REQUIRES LESS SPACE
REQUIRES MINIMUM NUMBER OF
AUXILIARIES OR EXTERNAL SUPPORT
LOW REQUIREMENT OF STARTING
POWER/ BLACK START FACILITY
DEMERITS OF GT OVER ST
LOW PART LOAD EFFICIENCY
OUT PUT IS SENSITIVE TO
METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
HIGH RUNNING COST(FUEL)
HIGH MAINTENANCE COST ( SPARES)
DUE TO HIGH AIR FUEL RATIO HEAT
CARRIED BY EX. GASES TUS LOW
EFFICIENCY AND REQUIRES LARGER DUCT
WORK
UESTIONS
K. S YADAV
Manager (M-I),PPCL
Contact
Cell - 09717694741
email- [email protected]
DISCLAIMER
The
information
given
in
the
presentation
are
for
training
purposes only and can not be used
as reference for site application to
solve problem.
