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Ceramic Matrix Composites

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) were developed to improve on the weaknesses of monolithic ceramics while retaining their desirable properties. CMCs combine ceramic matrices with fiber reinforcements to improve fracture toughness. They offer higher temperature capability than polymer or metal matrix composites, with continuous operation temperatures up to 1000°C depending on the matrix material. Common matrix materials include oxides like alumina and non-oxides like silicon carbide, while common fiber reinforcements include carbon, silicon carbide and aluminum oxide. CMCs are manufactured using high-temperature processes like chemical vapor infiltration to avoid residual stresses from differences in thermal expansion between the materials. Applications of CMCs include aerospace, high-temperature

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302 views15 pages

Ceramic Matrix Composites

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) were developed to improve on the weaknesses of monolithic ceramics while retaining their desirable properties. CMCs combine ceramic matrices with fiber reinforcements to improve fracture toughness. They offer higher temperature capability than polymer or metal matrix composites, with continuous operation temperatures up to 1000°C depending on the matrix material. Common matrix materials include oxides like alumina and non-oxides like silicon carbide, while common fiber reinforcements include carbon, silicon carbide and aluminum oxide. CMCs are manufactured using high-temperature processes like chemical vapor infiltration to avoid residual stresses from differences in thermal expansion between the materials. Applications of CMCs include aerospace, high-temperature

Uploaded by

Mathew John
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Ceramic Matrix Composites

(An Overview)

MATHEW JOHN
MTech Mechanical Design
IIT Madras
Seminar on 12 Nov 2010
1/15
CT 6010
12 Nov,2010
Introduction
Ceramics: Traditional, Technical,
Advanced

Advs : High stiffness, Hardness, Hot hardness,
Compressive strength Relatively low density

Disadvs: Catastrophic fracture,
variability in properties


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Modulus vs Density
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Fracture Toughness vs Density
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Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMC)


Ceramic Matrix Composites represent an attempt to
retain the desirable properties of ceramics while
compensating for their weakness.




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Glass vs
Carbon Reinforced Glass
12 Nov,2010
Toughness Improvement
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Temperature Capability- High
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Composite Matrix Upper continuous
operation Temp
Polymer 400C
Metal (Al) 580C
Ceramic 1000C
12 Nov,2010
Matrix and Fiber Materials
Matrix Materials Oxides & Non oxides
Alumina, Boron carbide, Boron nitride, SiC, SiN, TiC

Oxides
CaO > BeO, ThO2 >ZrO2 > HfO2 > Al2O3 >CrO3 >
MgO > SrO
Non oxides
SiC > C > ZrC > TiC > HfN > NbC > TaN etc

Fibers Carbon, SiC, Al2O3 ,Metals ( Mo, W , Ta, Nb)

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2150 C
1475 C
1575 C 2500 C
12 Nov,2010
Fiber Properties
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Processing Techniques

Chemical Vapour Deposition(CVD)
Chemical Vapour Infiltration (CVI)
Hot Pressing
Reaction Bonding
Plasma Spraying

(CMC are often manufactured at high-temperatures
BEWARE: residual stresses resulting from differences in
the coefficient of thermal expansion)

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Applications
Aerospace
( Rocket & missiles, re-entry vehicles,
civil aircraft )

Other High temperature applications
( high temp gas turbine engines)

Cutting tools etc
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Conclusion
13

A properly designed and fabricated composite
material can retain its attractive high strength
and stiffness at very high temp but without the
brittleness and lack of reliability inherent with
monolithic ceramics
CT 6010
12 Nov,2010
References:
1. Fiber and Whisker reinforced Ceramics for structural
applications David Belitskus
2. Structural Ceramic Composites Thomas Vasilos,
Engineered Materials ASM Hand book
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