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Module 2 - Overview of C#

The document provides an overview of C# programming, including its introduction, features, program structure and execution process. It discusses the basic components of a C# program like classes, methods and namespaces. It also covers input/output operations, recommended practices for commenting code and handling exceptions. The document demonstrates how to compile, run and debug a C# program in Visual Studio and use ILDASM to view the intermediate language code.

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99 views

Module 2 - Overview of C#

The document provides an overview of C# programming, including its introduction, features, program structure and execution process. It discusses the basic components of a C# program like classes, methods and namespaces. It also covers input/output operations, recommended practices for commenting code and handling exceptions. The document demonstrates how to compile, run and debug a C# program in Visual Studio and use ILDASM to view the intermediate language code.

Uploaded by

api-19796528
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 2:

Overview of C#

By

SRIRAM . B
Overview

 Introduction to C# Programming
 Features of C# Programming
 Structure of a C# Program
 Basic Input/Output Operations
 Recommended Practices
 Compiling, Running, and Debugging
 ILDASM Demo
Introduction to C# Programming
 C-Sharp is the latest programming language introduced
by Microsoft to overcome the shortcomings of C and C+
+.

 The language incorporates the best features of all the


existing programming languages.

 It is a language used to create applications for the


latest Microsoft .NET platform.

 The Microsoft .NET platform uses small executable units


as the basic building blocks, which can be used for
developing Web-based business solutions.

 These units are independent of the operating system


and the programming language used.
Features of C# Programming

 The main features of C-Sharp language


are that it:
 Is simple
 Is consistent
 Is scalable
 Is object-oriented
 Is Web-compatible
 Provides automatic garbage collection
 Has built-in support for versioning
Architecture of C#

 Source Code (.cs)


 C# Compiler (csc.exe)
 MSIL (.IL file)
 Native code/Libraries
 JIT Compiler
 Executable File
C# Program Execution

1. Application code is written using a .NET


compatible language such as C# :

C# Code
C# Program Execution..

2. This code is compiled into MSIL


(Microsoft Intermediate Language),
which is stored in assembly :

C# application Assembly
Code Compilation
C# Program Execution..

3. When the code is executed, it must first


be compiled into native code using JIT
compiler:

Assembly JIT Compilation Native Code


C# Program Execution..

 The Native code is executed in the


context of Managed CLR, along with
any other running application or
process.
System Runtime

System Runtime

Native Code Native Code


 Structure of a C# Program

 Hello, World
 The Class
 The Main Method
 The using Directive and the
System Namespace
 Demonstration: Using Visual
Studio to Create
a C# Program
Hello, World

using
using System;
System;

class
class Hello
Hello
{{
public
public static
static void
void Main()
Main()
{{
Console.WriteLine("Hello,
Console.WriteLine("Hello, World");
World");
}}
}}
The Class

 A C# application is a collection of classes,


structures, and types
 A class Is a set of data and methods
 Syntax
class
class name
name
{{
...
...
}}
 A C# application can consist of many files
 A class cannot span multiple files
The Main Method

 When writing Main, you should:


 Use an uppercase “M”, as in “Main”
 Designate one Main as the entry point
to the program
 Declare Main as public static void
Main
 Multiple classes can have a Main
 When Main finishes, or returns, the
application quits
The using Directive and the System
Namespace

 The .NET Framework provides many


utility classes
 Organized into namespaces
 System is the most commonly used
namespace
System.Console.WriteLine("Hello,
 Refer to classes by their World");
System.Console.WriteLine("Hello, namespace
World");

using
using System;
System;
 The using directive
……
Console.WriteLine("Hello,
Console.WriteLine("Hello, World");
World");
 Basic Input/Output Operations

 The Console Class


 Write and WriteLine Methods
 Read and ReadLine Methods
The Console Class

 Provides access to the standard input,


standard output, and standard error
streams
 Only meaningful for console
applications
 Standard input – keyboard
 Standard output – screen
 Standard error – screen
 All streams may be redirected
Write and WriteLine Methods

 Console.Write and Console.WriteLine


display information on the console
screen
 WriteLine outputs a line feed/carriage
return
 Both methods are overloaded
 A format string and parameters can be
used
 Text formatting
 Numeric formatting
Read and ReadLine Methods

 Console.Read and Console.ReadLine


read user input
 Read reads the next character
 ReadLine reads the entire input line
 Recommended Practices

 Commenting Applications
 Generating XML Documentation
 Exception Handling
Commenting Applications

 Comments are important


 A well-commented application permits a
developer to fully understand the
structure of the application
 Single-line comments
//
// Get
Get the
the user’s
user’s name
name
Console.WriteLine("What
Console.WriteLine("What is is your
your name?
name? ");
");
name
name == Console.ReadLine(
Console.ReadLine( );
);

 Multiple-line comments
/*
/* Find
Find the
the higher
higher root
root of
of the
the
quadratic
quadratic equation
equation */
*/
xx == (…);
(…);
Generating XML Documentation

///
/// <summary>
<summary> The
The Hello
Hello class
class prints
prints aa greeting
greeting
///
/// on
on the
the screen
screen
///
/// </summary>
</summary>
class
class Hello
Hello
{{
///
/// <remarks>
<remarks> We
We use
use console-based
console-based I/O.
I/O.
///
/// For
For more
more information
information about
about WriteLine,
WriteLine, see
see
///
/// <seealso
<seealso cref="System.Console.WriteLine"/>
cref="System.Console.WriteLine"/>
///
/// </remarks>
</remarks>
public
public static
static void
void Main(
Main( ))
{{
Console.WriteLine("Hello,
Console.WriteLine("Hello, World");
World");
}}
}}
Exception Handling

using
using System;
System;
public
public class
class Hello
Hello
{{
public
public static
static void
void Main(string[
Main(string[ ]] args)
args)
{{
try{
try{
Console.WriteLine(args[0]);
Console.WriteLine(args[0]);
}}
catch
catch (Exception
(Exception e)
e) {{
Console.WriteLine("Exception
Console.WriteLine("Exception atat
{0}", e.StackTrace);
{0}", e.StackTrace);
}}
}}
}}
Invoking the Compiler

 Compiling from the Command Line


 Compiling from Visual Studio
 Locating Errors
Running the Application

 Running from the Command Line


 Type the name of the application
 Running from Visual Studio
 Click Start Without Debugging on the
Debug menu
Debugging

 Exceptions and JIT Debugging


 The Visual Studio Debugger
 Setting breakpoints and watches
 Stepping through code
 Examining and modifying variables
ILDASM Demo
 Go to Visual Studio Command Prompt
 Change to your C# project directory
E.g E:\C#\Hello\Bin\Debug folder
 Type ILDASM hello.exe , it will display a window
with tree structure
 Expand the “hello node”
 Expand the “helloIt node”
 On the view Menu, click show Source Lines
 Double click the “Main Method”
 Double click the “Manifest”
 Close ILDASM window
Overview of C# Flashback
 Structure of a C# Program
 Basic Input/Output Operations
 Recommended Practices
 Compiling, Running, and Debugging
 ILDASM Demo
Session Ends
Exercise
Relax

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