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Perception Is A Psychological Process & One of The Cognitive

Perception is the process by which people select, organize and interpret sensory information to understand their environment. It involves sensing stimuli, registering and interpreting the stimuli, and responding through behavior. Perception is influenced by both internal factors like learning, motivation, and personality, as well as external factors like intensity, size, and novelty. The perceptual process involves encountering a stimulus, registering it, interpreting it, providing feedback, and responding through behavior which can have consequences. Perception plays an important role in social interactions and organizational contexts like interviews, performance expectations, evaluations, and employee effort.

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134 views13 pages

Perception Is A Psychological Process & One of The Cognitive

Perception is the process by which people select, organize and interpret sensory information to understand their environment. It involves sensing stimuli, registering and interpreting the stimuli, and responding through behavior. Perception is influenced by both internal factors like learning, motivation, and personality, as well as external factors like intensity, size, and novelty. The perceptual process involves encountering a stimulus, registering it, interpreting it, providing feedback, and responding through behavior which can have consequences. Perception plays an important role in social interactions and organizational contexts like interviews, performance expectations, evaluations, and employee effort.

Uploaded by

prabhat552
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Perception

Perception is a psychological process & one of the


cognitive factors of human behavior by which people
come to know about their surroundings
Definitions

 It is a process by which individual Selects


Organizes & interprets sensory
stimulations into a meaningful
information about their environment /
work environments in which he lives.

 It is a complex cognitive process & differs


from one individual to another,
depending on needs, values &
expectations of the individual. Hence
there can be no individual behavior
without perception.
Sensation Vs
Perception
 Five sensory organs to sense are:-
 Eye to see
 Ear to hear
 Tongue to taste
 Skin to feel
 Nose to smell
 Some believe that INTUTION can be
considered as sixth sense.

 Whereas Perception is somewhat more


complex concept & is related with
meaningful orientation.

Perceptual Process
 Stimulus of perception:-
 External environment
 Sociocultural environment
 Mgt styles
 Values etc
 Confrontations:-
 Encounter with Stimulus.
 Registration/Recording:-
 Sensory or neural mechanisms.
 Interpretation:-
 Feedback:-
 Behavior:-
 Covert
 Overt
 Consequences:-
 Reinforcement/Punishment, or some organizational
outcomes



 Perceptual Selectivity
External Factors

Intensity
Size
Contrast
Repetition
Motion
Novelty & familiarity etc.
Internal Factors

Learning & Perception


Perceptualset in the
workplace

Motivation & Perception


Personality & Perception


 Etc.
Factors Influencing
Perception
 Perceiver

 Situation

 Perceptual Grouping: - Perceptual Organization based


on the grouping principle & individual tends to group
several stimuli together into a recognizable pattern.

 Similarity:-
 Proximity:-
 Continuity/Closure :-
 Etc.

 Figure Ground:- recognizable figures with contrast


background having some meaning by the preceptor.
Organization of
Perception
 Perceptual Constancy

 Perceptual Context

 Perceptual Defense

 Social Perception

 Attribution

 Halo Effect

 Stereotyping
Social Perception
It deals with how one individual perceives other individuals

or how one individual gets to know other individual. For


that:-

 One should Understands his own personality to understand


others.
 As person with high self esteem / manipulative by nature is
more likely to perceive favorable aspects in others as well
 Individual perceives others until the degree of accuracy which
is again based on multi skills

 These are the characteristic of perceiver but some


characteristic from perceived ends are:-

 Status of the Perceived Person influences the perception of


the perceiver
 Visible traits may often tend to prejudice the perceiver.

 It is important as it plays an important role in the study of


Attribution
 Dispositional Attribution/Internal
Factors:-

 Situational Attribution/External
Factor:-
Impression Management
 Impression Motivation:- Is practically applicable in the
organizations where employees tries to control the perceptions
of their superiors about them.
 Impression Construction:- Refers to the methods adopted
by a person to create the specific impression that he wants.

 Impression Management technique are used by


individuals for various purposes:-
 Self Promotion:- Projection of the own Competency &
Effectiveness.
 Supplication:- Here individual Project as incompetent & weak.
 Exemplification:- Projecting oneself as ethical & Socially
responsible.
 Intimation:- Projecting themselves fierce & powerful.
 Ingratiation:- Projecting self in such a manner which makes
them Likable
Applications in
Organizations:

 Employment Interview

 Performance Expectations
 (Self Fulfilling Prophecy)

 Performance Evaluation

 Employee Effort

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