Scribd
Upload
246 views

Window - To - Viewport Transformation

This document discusses window to viewport transformations in computer graphics. It explains that the window refers to the area in world coordinates that is being projected onto the viewport or screen. The viewport defines the area on the screen in screen coordinates. It describes how to perform the window to viewport transformation using a series of translation, scaling, and translation operations on points to map from the window to the viewport. Specifically, it translates the window origin to the viewport origin, scales the window dimensions to fit the viewport dimensions, and translates the final point position to the viewport origin.

Uploaded by

BINJAD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
246 views

Window - To - Viewport Transformation

This document discusses window to viewport transformations in computer graphics. It explains that the window refers to the area in world coordinates that is being projected onto the viewport or screen. The viewport defines the area on the screen in screen coordinates. It describes how to perform the window to viewport transformation using a series of translation, scaling, and translation operations on points to map from the window to the viewport. Specifically, it translates the window origin to the viewport origin, scales the window dimensions to fit the viewport dimensions, and translates the final point position to the viewport origin.

Uploaded by

BINJAD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Computer Graphics

Window to Viewport Transformations


Compositing Transformations

Does order matter?

Case 1: translate by (2, 0), scale by (2, 2)

Case 2: scale by (2, 2), translate by (-2, 0)

Begin: red, 1st transform: prple, 2nd: green


1
1
1
]
1

1 0 0
0 1 0
2 0 1
T
1
1
1
]
1

1 0 0
0 2 0
0 0 2
S
Y
X
1,1
!,1
2,!
Y
X
1,1
!,1
2,!
Case 1(translate t"en scale)
Case 2 (scale t"en translate)
Compositing Transformations

Does order matter?

Case 1: translate by (2, 0), sale by (2, 2)

Case 2: sale by (2, 2), translate by (!2, 0)

"e#in: red, 1st transform: p$rple, 2nd: #reen


1
1
1
]
1

1 0 0
0 1 0
2 0 1
T
1
1
1
]
1

1 0 0
0 2 0
0 0 2
S
Y
X
1,1
!,1
2,!
Y
X
1,1
!,1
2,!
Case 1(translate t"en scale)
Case 2 (scale t"en translate)
-1,1
0,3
-1,1
0,6
-2,2
2,2
2,2
6,2
4,6
0,2
4,2
2,6
Composition Example
STP P

TSP P

1
1
1
]
1

1 0 0
0 2 0
0 0 2
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1


1 0 0
0 2 0
# 0 2
1 0 0
0 1 0
2 0 1
1
1
1
]
1


1 0 0
0 1 0
2 0 1
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1 0 0
0 2 0
2 0 2
1 0 0
0 2 0
0 0 2
Scale(2.0,2.0);
Translate(-2.0,0.0);
drawTriangle();
Translate(-2.0, 0.0);
Scale(2.0,2.0);
drawTriangle();
$n general, transformations are not commtati%e
%eed to transform points from &world' (iew (window)
to t)e sreen (iew (viewport)

*aintain relati(e plaement of points ($s$ally)

Can be done wit) a translate!sale!translate se+$ene


Window-to-Viewport Transform
x
y
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
u
v
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
10
20
!0
#0
&0
'0
0
(indo) (*)orld+) ,ie)port (screen)

&Window' refers to t)e area in &world spae' or &world


oordinates' t)at yo$ wis) to pro,et onto t)e sreen-

.oation, $nits, si/e, et- are all determined by t)e appliation,


and are on(enient for t)at appliation-

0nits o$ld be in)es, feet, meters, 1ilometers, li#)t years, et-

T)e window is often entered aro$nd t)e ori#in, b$t need not be

2peified as (3,y) oordinates


Window
x
y
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
(indo) (*)orld+)
(-min, ymin)
(-ma-, yma-)

T)e area on t)e sreen t)at yo$ will map t)e window to

2peified in &sreen oordinates' ! ($,() oordinates

T)e (iewport an ta1e $p t)e entire sreen, or ,$st a


portion of it
Viewport
u
v
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
10
20
!0
#0
&0
'0
0
,ie)port (screen)
(min, %min)
(ma-, %ma-)

4o$ an )a(e m$ltiple (iewports

T)ey an ontain t)e same (iew of a window, different (iews of t)e same
window, or different (iews of different windows
Viewport (cont)
u
v
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
10
20
!0
#0
&0
'0
0
,ie)port (screen)

T)e window!to!(iewport transform is:


1- Translate lower!left orner of
window to ori#in
2- 2ale widt) and )ei#)t of
window to mat) (iewport5s
6- Translate orner at ori#in to
lower!left orner in (iewport
Window-to-Viewport Transform
(cont.)
x
y
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
v
u
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
(indo) (*)orld+) ,ie)port (screen)
1
]
1

min
min

y
x
1
]
1

min
min

v
u
1
]
1

ma-
ma-

v
u
1
]
1

ma-
ma-

y
x
min min
and y t x t
y x

min ma-
min ma-
min ma-
min ma-
and
y y
v v
s
x x
u u
s
y x

min min
and v t u t
y x

Window-to-Viewport Transform
(cont.)

T)e final window!to!(iewport transform is:


( ) ( )
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

,
_


1 0 0
0
0
1 0 0
1 0
0 1
1 0 0
0 0
0 0
1 0 0
1 0
0 1
min
min ma-
min ma-
min
min ma-
min ma-
min
min ma-
min ma-
min
min ma-
min ma-
min
min
min ma-
min ma-
min ma-
min ma-
min
min
min min
min ma-
min ma-
min ma-
min ma-
min min
v
y y
v v
y
y y
v v
u
x x
u u
x
x x
u u
y
x
y y
v v
x x
u u
v
u

,-y -x T
-y y
-v v
,
x x
u u
S ,v u T M
WV
Window-to-Viewport Transform
(cont.)

*$ltiplyin# t)e matri3 Mwv by t)e point p #i(es:


( )
( )
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

1
.
min
min ma-
min ma-
min
min
min ma-
min ma-
min
v
y y
v v
y y
u
x x
u u
x x
p

%ow we need to pl$# t)e (al$es into t)e e+$ation:


Window-to-Viewport Example
( )
( )
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

1
.
min
min ma-
min ma-
min
min
min ma-
min ma-
min
v
y y
v v
y y
u
x x
u u
x x
p
x
y
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
v
u
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
(indo) (*)orld+) ,ie)port (screen)
1
]
1

min
min

y
x
1
]
1

min
min

v
u
1
]
1

ma-
ma-

v
u
1
]
1

ma-
ma-

y
x

Window: (3min, ymin) 7 (!6, !6), (3ma3, yma3) 7 (2 , 1)

Viewport: ($min, (min) 7 (60, 10), ($ma3, (ma3) 7 (80,


60)
Window-to-Viewport Example
x
y
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
v
u
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
(indo) (*)orld+) ,ie)port (screen)
1
]
1

min
min

y
x
1
]
1

min
min

v
u
1
]
1

ma-
ma-

v
u
1
]
1

ma-
ma-

y
x

9l$##in# t)e (al$es into t)e e+$ation:


Window-to-Viewport Example
( )
( )
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

1
.
min
min ma-
min ma-
min
min
min ma-
min ma-
min
v
y y
v v
y y
u
x x
u u
x x
p
( )
( )
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

1
10
) ! ( 1
10 !0
) ! (
!0
) ! ( 2
!0 /0
) ! (
. y
x
p
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

+ +
+ +

1
10
#
) ! (
!0
&
&0
) ! (
20
y
x
1
1
1
]
1

+ +
+ +

1
10 & ) ! (
!0 10 ) ! (
y
x
1
1
1
]
1

+
+

1
2& &
'0 10
y
x

2o: Tryin# some points:


Window-to-Viewport Example
1
1
1
]
1

+
+

1
2& &
'0 10
. y
x
p
(-min, ymin) 0 (-!, -!) > (!0, 10)
(-ma-, yma-) 0 (2, 1) >
1eft eye 0 (-1, -2/) >
3op of "ead 0 (-02&, 02&) >
x
y
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
v
u
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
(indo) (*)orld+) ,ie)port (screen)
(&&, 242&)
(&0, 21)
(/0, !0)

W)at if t)e (iewport ori#in is top!left?


0se t)e same e+$ation, b$t s$btrat t)e res$lts from
((ma3 : (min)
Window-to-Viewport Transform
(cont.)
x
y
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
u
v
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
(indo) (*)orld+) ,ie)port (screen)
1
]
1

min
min

y
x
1
]
1

min
min

v
u
1
]
1

ma-
ma-

v
u
1
]
1

ma-
ma-

y
x

;f (min 7 0, we re(erse t)e res$lts of o$r e+$ation by


s$btratin# it from (ma3, i-e-, (ma3 !< 0 and 0 !<
(ma3
Rationale
min
v
v
u
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Viewport
ma-
v
) , (
point
arbitrary
v u p
u
v
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
,ie)port (screen)
v
ma-
v
v v
ma-
3"is gi%es s t"e correct offset from t"e ne) u a-is
v v
ma-
;f vmin was not 0, t)en we need
a) t)e offset inside t)e (iewport
b) t)e offset from t)e u a3is
Rationale (cont)
min
v
v
u
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
!0
#0
&0
'0
,ie)port
ma-
v
) , (
point
arbitrary
v u p
u
v
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
,ie)port
v v
ma-
5o t"e correct offset is vma- v 6 vmin 0 vma- 6 vmin v
v v
ma-
min
v
min
v
vma- - v
vmin

Window: (3min, ymin) 7 (!6, !6), (3ma3, yma3) 7 (2 , 1)

Viewport: ($min, (min) 7 (60, 10), ($ma3, (ma3) 7 (80,


60)
Window-to-Viewport Example -
downward pointing !-axis
x
y
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
(indo) (*)orld+)
1
]
1

min
min

y
x
1
]
1

ma-
ma-

y
x
u
v
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
,ie)port (screen)
1
]
1

min
min

v
u
1
]
1

ma-
ma-

v
u

T)e e+$ation for t)is sit$ation is:


Window-to-Viewport Example -
downward pointing !-axis
( ) ( )
1
1
1
]
1

+
+

1
1
1
]
1

+ +
+

1
1
1
]
1

+ +
+

1
1& &
'0 10
1
2& & 10 !0
'0 10
1
2& &
'0 10
.
min ma-
y
x
y
x
y v v
x
p

2o: Tryin# some points:


Window-to-Viewport Example -
downward pointing !-axis
1
1
1
]
1

+
+

1
1& &
'0 10
. y
x
p
(-min, ymin) 0 (-!, -!) > (!0, !0)
(-ma-, yma-) 0 (2, 1) >
1eft eye 0 (-1, -2/) >
3op of "ead 0 (-02&, 02&) >
x
y
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
(indo) (*)orld+) ,ie)port (screen)
(&&, 122&)
(&0, 17)
(/0, 10)
u
v
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

You might also like