TENSES

Oleh 1. Pepy Yuspika Gumilar 2. Rini Tri Nur Indriati

MACAM MACAM TENSES

Simple Past Tense Simple Present Tense

Present Perfect Tense

Simple Future Tense

Present Continous Tense

1. Simple past tense

1.

Pengertian simple past tense simple past tense ialah bentuk wakktu yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau (bersifat sederhana) dan tidak ada hubungannya sama sekali dengan masa sekarang. Ciri penandanya misalnya terdapat kata : lask week, yesterday, last years, ago, last Saturday dan sebagainya.

Kegunaan Past Tense

Simple past tenses digunakan untuk fakta-fakta atau peristiwaperistiwa yang terjadi dimasa lampau. Contoh : - I played tennis with some guys from work yesterday. - We stayed in shanghai for five days. 2. Simple past tense digunakan untuk menyatakan sebuah tindakan yang telah selesai dilakukan. Contoh : - I walked to work this morning dalam kalimat ini waktunya disebutkan. - I walked to work dalam kalimat ini waktu tidak disebutkan, tetapi konteks kalimatnya dapat membuat kita memahami waktu yang dimaksud ( yakni waktu lampau).
1.

Rumus Past tense

Bentuk Nominal Bentuk Verbal

You/They/We + to be (were) I/He/She/It + to be (was)

I/You/We/They/He/She/It + V.2

Positive Form ( Affirmative ). Pattern : Subject + be + Object + Complement

Bentuk Nominal Subject Be Object Complement

I You She He We They It

was were was was were were was

here here here here here here here

last night last night last night last night last night last night last night

Positive Form. Pattern : Subject + V.2+ Object / Complement

Bentuk verbal Subject I You She He We They It V.2 went drank drove drew studied played worked Object/Complement last week mineral water car doll English football together

Negative Form. Pattern : Subject + be + not + Object / Complement

Bentuk Nominal Subject To be + not Object Complement

I You She He We They It

was not were not was not was not were not were not was not

here here here here here here here

last night last night last night last night last night last night last night

Negative Form. Pattern : Subject + did + not + V.1 + Object / Complement

Bentuk Verbal Subject I You She He We They It Did + not V.1 want drink drive draw study play work Object/Complement last week mineral water car doll English football together

Did not (Didnt)

Interrogative Form. Pattern : Was/Were + Subject + Object / Complement. ?

Bentuk Nominal Was/Were Was Were Was Was Were Were Was Subject I You She He We They It Objek here here here here here here here Complement last night? last night? last night? last night? last night? last night? last night?

Interrogative Form. Pattern : Did + Subject + V.1 + Object / Complement. ?

Bentuk Verbal Did subject I you she he we they it V.1 want drink drive draw study play work Object/Complement last week? mineral water? car? doll? English? football? together?

Did

Kata Kerja bentuk 2

Irreguler verb Break-broke-broken Drink-drank-drunk Reguler verb Study-studied-studied Decid-decided-decided

Passive voice

Rumus am/ is/ are + verb 3 Example Active : Somebody cleans this room every day. Passive : This room is cleaned every day. Positive Passive : Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving. Negative Passive : Im not often invited to parties. Interrogative Passive : How many people are injured in road accidents every day ?

2. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Pengertian Simple present tense Bentuk waktu yang di gunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang merupakan fakta. Dimana perbuatan itu sedang dikerjakan atau sesuatu untuk menjadi kebiasaan sehari hari atau berulang. Ciri ciri keterangannya antara lain every, every Sunday, every month, every year, every week, atc. Simple Present juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang akan terjadi pada waktu yang akan datang jika kita membicarakan suatu jadwal,program dan lain-lain.

Rumus simple present tense

Bentuk Nominal I/You/we/They+To Be(am/are) He/She/It+To Be(Is) contoh : I am here every Sunday. saya berada disini setiap hari minggu. they are at home every morning. mereke berada di rumah setiap pagi. she is very rich. dia sangat kaya. Bentuk Verbal I/You/We/They+VERB I He/She/It+Verb I(s/es) contoh : I go to school every day setiap hari saya pergi ke sekolah. she watches TV in the evening. dia nonton TV pada sore hari.

Positive Form ( Affirmative ). Pattern : Subject + be + Object + Complement

Bentuk Nominal Subject I You We They She He It To be am are are are is is Is Object/ Complement hungry hungry hungry hungry hungry hungry hungry

Mr. Brown sakit. (sakit = Kata sifat, bukan kata kerja) = Mr. Brown is sick.

Positive Form. Pattern : I/You/We/They + V.1 + O/C He/She/It + V.1(s/es) + O/C

Bentuk verbal Subject I You They We She He It V.1 go go go go v.1 (s/es) goes goes goes Object/Complement Into the house Into the house Into the house Into the house Into the house Into the house Into the house

Mr. Brown selalu minum secangkir kopi setiap pagi. (minum = kata kerja) = Mr. Brown always drinks a cup of coffe avery morning.

Negetive Form . Pattern : Subject + be + not + Object/Complement

Bentuk Nominal Subject I You We They She He It To be + not am not are not are not are not is not is not is not Object/ Complement hungry hungry hungry hungry hungry hungry hungry

Mr. Brown tidak sakit. (sakit = Kata sifat, bukan kata kerja) = Mr. Brown isnt sick.

Positive Form. Pattern : I/You/We/They + do + not + V.1 + O/C He/She/It + does + not + V.1+ O/C
Bentuk verbal Subject I You They We She He It Do/does dont dont dont dont doesnt doesnt doesnt v.1 go go go go go go go Object/Complement Into the house Into the house Into the house Into the house Into the house Into the house Into the house

Mr. Brown tidak minum secangkir kopi setiap pagi. (minum = kata kerja) = Mr. Brown doesnt drink a cup of coffe avery morning.

Negetive Form . Pattern : Be + Subjek + Objek/Complement

Bentuk Nominal To be Am Are Are Are Is Is Is Subject I you we they she he It Object/ Complement hungry? hungry? hungry? hungry? hungry? hungry? hungry?

Positive Form. Pattern : I/You/We/They + do + not + V.1 + O/C He/She/It + does + not + V.1+ O/C
Bentuk verbal Do/does Do Do Do Do Does Does Does Subject I you we they she he it v.1 go go go go go go go Object/Complement Into the house Into the house Into the house Into the house Into the house Into the house Into the house

Penambahan s dan es
Kata kerja yang berakhiran bunyi desis, seperti s, ss, ch, x, z, dll, maka tambahkan es sesudahnya.
- He Watches - He passes

Kata kerja yang berakhiran o juga ditambahkan es.

- He goes - She goes

Kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan y, namun huruf sebelumnya adalah huruf vocal, maka tambahan s.
- He plays - She says

Kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan huruf y, yang didahului oleh uruf konsonan, maka ubah huruf y tersebut menjadi i dan tambahkan es.
- Cry-He cries - Try- My father cries

Fungsi Simple Present

Menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang dilakukan tidak hanya sekali, hampir seperti suatu kebiasaan (berulang - ulang) - My friend often draws nice pictures. - My Father usually drinks a cup of coffee in the morning. Menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau kejadian yang merupakan kebenaran umum atau tidak dapat dibantah lagi kebenarannya. - The sun rises in the East. - Water flows from higher to lower places. Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sudah terjadwal. - The plane flies to London every Monday. - The train leaves for Manchester at 7.

Menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau aktivitas yang mengkuti aktivitas yang lainnya. - First I get up, then I have breakfast. - Ronaldinho passes the ball to kaka, and passes it to pirlo, he shoots and goal. Menyatakan sebuah intruksi. - Open your books at page 341. - Close the door, plese! Digunakan dengan kata kerja tertentu. - I understand what you mean. - I think its OK.

Simple Present

Rumus am/ is/ are + verb 3 Example Active : Somebody cleans this room every day. Passive : This room is cleaned every day. Positive Passive : Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving. Negative Passive : Im not often invited to parties. Interrogative Passive : How many people are injured in road accidents every day ?

3. Simple Future tense

Pengertian simple future tense Bentuk waktu yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dikerjakan diwaktu mendatang. Ciri penandanya misalnya terdapat kat tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, next Saturday dsb.

Rumus future tense

Bentuk Nominal I/We + shall + be They/You/He/She/It + will + be Contoh: 1. She will be at home tomorrow. Ia akan berada di rumah besok 2. The shrimp will be fished by them at the dam. Udang akan dipancing mereka di tambak.

Bentuk Verbal I/We + shall + V.1 You/They/She/It + will + V.1 Contoh : 1. I will go to Surabaya tomorrow. Besok saya akan pergi ke Surabaya. 2. I shall boil waterin the kitchen. Aku akan mendidihkan air di dapur.

The Simple Future Tenses

If

you want to talk about future activities, use the Simple Future Tense. The adverbs of time you can use are : tomorrow, next Saturday, next week, next month, next year, in 2011, in three months, soon, immediately, etc. There are two patterns of the simple future tense :

a.

Use Will to talk about the plans. Will is one of Modals Positive Form ( Affirmative ). Pattern : Subject + Will + Basic Verb + Object / Complement

Subject

Modals ( Will )

Basic Verb

Object

Complement (Adverb of place, time, etc.)

I You She He We They It

will

buy study go sleep swim have rain

book Math dinner -

next week tomorrow to cirebon in three days alone at restaurant tonight on february

Negative Form. Pattern : Subject + Will + not + Basic Verb+ Object / Complement

Subject

Modals + not ( will + not)

Basic Verb

Object

Complement (Adverb of place, time, etc.)

I You She He We They It

buy study Will not go ( wont) sleep swim have rain

book Math dinner -

next week tomorrow to cirebon in three days alone at restaurant tonight on february

Interrogative Form. Pattern : Will + Subject+ Basic Verb + Object / Complement. ?

Modals ( Will ) Subject Basic Verb Object Complement (Adverb of place, time, etc.)

Will

I You She He We They It

buy study go sleep swim have rain

book Math dinner -

next week ? Tomorrow ? to cirebon in three days? Alone ? at restaurant tonight ? on february ?

We use will for all person (I, you, he, then, etc). In everyday speech, we can also use shall instead of will for I and We, e.g.: I / We shall sleep. Normally, I / we shall is contracted to Ill and Well. In negative form it becomes shall not or shant.

b. Use Be (am, is, are) + going to, especially to talk about plans you have already arranged. Positive Form (Affirmative). Pattern : Subject + Be + going to + Basic Verb + Object/Complement

Subject

Be

going to

Basic Verb

Object

Complement (Adverb of place, time, etc)

I You She He We They It

am are is is are are is

buy study go going to sleep swim have rain

book Math dinner -

next week tomorrow to Cirebon in three days alone at restaurant tonight on february

Negative Form. Pattern : Subject + Be + not + going to + Basic Verb + Object / Complement

Subject

Be + not

going to Basic Verb

Object

Complement (Adverb of place, time, etc)

I You She He We They It

am not are not is not is not are not are not is not

going to

buy study go sleep swim have rain

book Math dinner -

next week tomorrow to Cirebon in three days with them at restaurant tonight on february

Interrogative Form. Pattern : Subject + Be + going to + Basic Verb + Object / Complement ?

Be

Subject

going to Basic Verb

Object

Complement (Adverb of place, time, etc)

am are is is are are is

I You She He We They It

going to

buy study go sleep swim have rain

book Math dinner -

next week ? tomorrow ? to Cirebon in three days? alone ? at restaurant tonight on february ?

4. Present Continous Tense

Pengertian

present continous tense Bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung atau sedang dikerjakan. Ciri ciri keterangan yang digunakan misalnya : now, right now, to day, this morning, dsb.

Positive Form. Pattern : Subject + to be + Verb + ing + Object / Complement

Subject

To be

Verb + ing

Object

Complement (Adverb of place, time, etc)

I You She He We They It

am are is is are are is

playing studying stopping rubbing looking providing drawing

volly ball English bus tooth gost Coffe -

now right now this morning now to day at restaurant to night to day

Negative Form. Pattern : Subject + to be + not + Verb + ing + Object / Complement

Subject

To be + not

Verb + ing

Object

Complement (Adverb of place, time, etc)

I You She He We They It

am not are not is not is not are not are not is not

playing studying stopping rubbing looking providing drawing

volly ball English bus tooth gost Coffe -

now right now this morning now to day at restaurant to nightto to day

Interrogative Form. Pattern : Subject + to be + not + Verb + ing + Object / Complement

To be

Subject

Verb + ing

Object

Complement (Adverb of place, time, etc)

Am Are Is Is Are Are Is

I You She He We They It

playing studying stopping rubbing looking providing drawing

volly ball English bus tooth gost Coffe book

Now ? right now ? this morning ? Now ? to day? at restaurant to night ? to day ?

5. Present Perfect Tense

Pengertian present perfect tense Suatu bentuk kalimat dalam bahasa inggrisnyang menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah dikerjakan (pada masa lampau). Masa lampau bisa sekarang, baru tadi, tadi, kemarin, minggu lalu, bulan lalu, tahun lalu, dan sebagainya. Waktu yang demikian itu harus menggunakan bentuk present perfect.Biasanya kalimat present perfect ditandai misalnya dengan kata : since 1995, three times, two times, dll.

Contoh
Positive

I have taught at this SMP since 1997 Negative I have not read your letter. Interrogative Have you written this exercise.

KALIMAT BERITA

He / she / it + has + kata kerja bentuk 3 I / we / you / they + have + kata kerja bentuk 3

Contoh : She has stayed here for 6 months They have played the game since 6 oclock

KALIMAT SANGKAL

He / she / it + has not + kata kerja bentuk 3 I / we / you / they + have not + kata kerja bentuk 3

Contoh : She has not stayed here for 6 months They have not played the game since 6 oclock

KALIMAT TANYA Has + he / she / it + kata kerja bentuk 3 Have + I / we / you / they + kata kerja bentuk 3

Contoh : Has she stayed here for 6 months ? Have they played the game since 6 oclock ?

PASSIVE
Rumus

to be + verb 3 To be am, is, are Simple Present was / were Simple Past been Present Perfect being Present Continuous be Modal / Future

Present Continuous

Rumus am / is / are being + verb 3 Example Active : Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment. Passive : This room is being cleaned at the moment. Positive Passive : They are being knocked down. Negative Passive : My mother being not chided by me. Interrogative Passive : Are you being served, madam ?

Past Continuous

Rumus was / were being + verb 3 Example Active : Somebody was cleaning when I arrived. Passive : This room was being cleaned when I arrived. Positive Passive : We were being followed down. Negative Passive : My mother werent being chided by me. Interrogative Passive : When was being that castle built ?

Present Perfect

Rumus have / has been + verb 3 Example Active : The room looks nice. Somebody has cleaned it . Passive : The room looks nice. It has been cleaned. Positive Passive : Have you heard the news ? The president has been shot. Negative Passive : Im not going to the party. I havent been intvited. Interrogative Passive : Have you been shown the new machine ?

Past Perfect

Rumus had been + verb 3 Example Active : The room looked much better. Somebody had cleaned it . Passive : The room looks much better. It had been cleaned. Positive Passive : The president had been shot. Negative Passive : Jim didnt know about the change of plans. He hadnt been told. Interrogative Passive : Had you ever been bitten by a dog ?

Modal

The passive infinitive is be done be cleaned / be built etc. We use the infinitive after modal verbs (will, can, must etc.) and a number of other verbs (for example : have to, be going to, want to).

Compare : active: We can solve this problem. Passive: This problem can be solved. Example : - The new hotel will be opened next year. - George might be sent to America by his company in August. - The music a the party was very loud and cloud be heard from far away. - This room is going to be painted next week. - Go way ! I want to be left alone. - My bicycle has disappeared. It must have been stolen. - She wouldnt have been injured if she had been wearing a seat-belt - The weather was awful. The football match ought to have been cancelled.