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Respiratory System

This document summarizes the respiratory systems of different animals. It describes that the respiratory system provides oxygen for cellular respiration and removes carbon dioxide. In invertebrates, respiration occurs through gills, trachae or diffusion through skin. Vertebrates use lungs or gills for respiration depending on if they live on land or in water. The human respiratory system is also outlined, describing how air moves through the nose, pharynx, trachea and into the lungs for gas exchange before exiting.

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287 views

Respiratory System

This document summarizes the respiratory systems of different animals. It describes that the respiratory system provides oxygen for cellular respiration and removes carbon dioxide. In invertebrates, respiration occurs through gills, trachae or diffusion through skin. Vertebrates use lungs or gills for respiration depending on if they live on land or in water. The human respiratory system is also outlined, describing how air moves through the nose, pharynx, trachea and into the lungs for gas exchange before exiting.

Uploaded by

Rifai Alfarabi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AISD - 2009

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY: ANIMAL BODY SYSTEMS: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiratory System

Function: to provide oxygen gas need for cellular respiration and remove carbon dioxide from the body

Invertebrate Organs:
gills and trachae

Main Vertebrate Organs:


Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, gills, diaphragm

Respiration in animals

Whether they live in water or on land, all animals must respire.


To respire means to take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide.

Some animals rely of simple diffusion through their skin to respire. While others Have developed large complex organ systems for respiration.

Invertebrate respiration

Invertebrate respiratory organs have


large surface areas Are in contact with air or water If require diffusion they must be moist.

Aquatic invertebrates

Aquatic animals have naturally moist respiratory surfaces, and some respire through diffusion through their skin.
Example: jellyfish and anemones

Some larger aquatic animals like worms and annelids exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide through gills.
Gills are organs that have lots of blood vessels that bring blood close to the surface for gas exchange.

Terrestrial Invertebrates

Terrestrial invertebrates have respiratory surfaces covered with water or mucus. (This reduces water loss) There are many different respiratory specialized organs in terrestrial invertebrates.
Spiders use parallel book lungs Insects use openings called spiracles where air enters the body and passes through a network of tracheal tubes for gas exchange Snails have a mantel cavity that is lined with moist tissue and an extensive surface area of blood vessels.

How does respiration in aquatic invertebrates differ from that in terrestrial invertebrates?

Figure 299 Invertebrate Respiratory Section 29-2 Systems


Gill
Siphons

Tracheal tubes

Movement of water Mollusk

Insect

Spiracles

Airflow Spider Book lung

Vertebrate respiratory systems

Chordates have one of two basic structures for respiration:


Gills for aquatic chordates
Example: tunicates, fish and amphibians

Lungs - for terrestrial chordates


Examples: adult amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

Aquatic Gills

Water flows through the mouth then over the gills where oxygen is removed Carbon dioxide and water are then pumped out through the operculum

Vertebrate lungs

As you move from amphibians to mammals the surface area of the lungs increases
Insures a greater amount of gas exchange (or a two way flow of air).

Birds, by contrast have lungs and air sacs which have only a one-way flow of air.
This allows for them to have constant contact with fresh air. This adaptation enables them to fly at high altitudes where there is less oxygen.

Section 33-3

Figure 3310: Vertebrate Lungs


Nostrils, mouth, and throat Trachea Lung Air sac

Salamander

Lizard

Primate

Pigeon

Figure 37-13 The Respiratory System


Section 37-3

The Human Respiratory System

Movement of Oxygen and Carbon Flowchart Dioxide In and Out of the Respiratory Section 37-3 System
Oxygen-rich air from environment Nasal cavities

Pharynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange at alveoli

Alveoli

Bronchioles

Trachea

Pharynx

Nasal cavities

Carbon dioxide-rich air to the environment

BIG QUESTION

WHY DO ANIMALS BREATHE?

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