Scribd
Upload
125 views

Electronics & Communication Engineering Sagar Institute of Technology & Management

This document describes an underground cable fault detection project. It uses Ohm's law to apply a low DC voltage and measure the current to determine the distance to a cable fault. The project uses a transformer, rectifier, voltage regulator, microcontroller, relays, and LCD display. It can locate faults in cables from 1kV to 500kV and has advantages of being simple to use and maintain without specialized training. Potential applications include locating faults in telecom, electricity, railway, and mining cables.

Uploaded by

SHASHANKDUBEY52
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
125 views

Electronics & Communication Engineering Sagar Institute of Technology & Management

This document describes an underground cable fault detection project. It uses Ohm's law to apply a low DC voltage and measure the current to determine the distance to a cable fault. The project uses a transformer, rectifier, voltage regulator, microcontroller, relays, and LCD display. It can locate faults in cables from 1kV to 500kV and has advantages of being simple to use and maintain without specialized training. Potential applications include locating faults in telecom, electricity, railway, and mining cables.

Uploaded by

SHASHANKDUBEY52
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SAGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT

BY
SAURABH DUBEY SHASHANK DUBEY VIKAS MISHRA VINEET MISHRA 1014131055 1014131061 1014131069 1014131070

MARCH 6,2014

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION PRINCIPLE

OTHER METHODS FOR DETECTING CABLE FAULT


TYPES OF FAULTS OCCURING IN TRANSMISSION LINES BLOCK DIAGRAM

SOFTWARE
COMPONENT ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS ADVANCEMENT
MARCH 6,2014 2

INTRODUCTION
The objective of this project is to determine the distance of underground cable fault from base station in kilometers. The underground cable system is a common practice followed in many urban areas.

While a fault occurs for some reason, at that time the repairing
process related to that particular cable is difficult due to not knowing the exact location of the cable fault. The proposed system

is to find the exact location of the fault.

MARCH 6,2014

PRINCIPLE
The project uses the simple concept of OHMs law where a low DC voltage is applied at the feeder end through a series resistor. The current would vary depending upon the length of fault of the cable in case there is a short circuit of LL , 3L or LG etc. The series resistor voltage drop changes accordingly which is then fed

to an ADC to develop precise digital data which the programmed


microcontroller would display the same in Kilo meters. The project is assembled with a set of resistors representing cable

length in KMs and fault creation is made by a slide switches at every


known KM.
4

MARCH 6,2014

OTHER METHODS FOR DETECTING CABLE FAULT


Sectionalizing method :- It is also called as CUT & TRY METHOD this was among the first method to be used for fault locating on a direct buried cable. Low voltage TDR :- A low voltage TDR is an excellent method for locating open circuit and conductor to conductor short. OTDR and OPM method :- Both these method are used for detecting fault in Optical fiber cable. Arc Reflection :- This method is often referred to as a high voltage radar technique that overcomes the 200 limitation of low-voltage radar.

MARCH 6,2014

TYPES OF FAULTS OCCURING IN TRANSMISSION LINES


Transient fault

Persistent fault

Symmetric fault

Asymmetric fault

MARCH 6,2014

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

MARCH 6,2014

SOFTWARE
Keil Vision2 software are used in a proposed model. Vision IDE allow developers to create embedded applications using the keil development tool. It provides several development tools like : IDE (Integrated Development environment). Project Manager. Simulator. Debugger. C Cross Compiler , Assembler, Linker.

MARCH 6,2014

COMPONENTS
TRANSFORMER

RECTIFIER
VOLTAGE REGULATOR ANALOG DIGITAL CONVERTOR(ADC0804) 8051 MICROCONTROLLER RELAY LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD )

MARCH 6,2014

RATINGS OF COMPONENTS
COMPONENTS RATINGS

TRANSFORMER
VOLTAGE REGULATOR

0-12V
Vo=5V TO 18V for Vin=35V Vo=24V for Vin=40V

8051 MICROCONTROLLER 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range ANALOG DIGITAL CONVERTOR RELAY LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
MARCH 6,2014

0V to 5V analog input voltage range , 2.5V voltage reference 12V Single +5.0V supply operation
10

TRANSFORMER

A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers energy by inductive coupling between its winding circuits. In this project we uses a step down transformer.

MARCH 6,2014

11

RECTIFIER

A rectifier is an electronic device that changes alternating current into direct current. This process is called rectification. In this project, The output from the transformer is fed to the rectifier. Which converts A.C. into pulsating D.C.
12

MARCH 6,2014

VOLTAGE REGULATOR
A voltage regulator is designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages. In this project the filtered dc coming from the rectifier is being unregulated, the voltage regulator (LM7805 ) is used for regulate it to get constant 5V DC. The regulated 5V DC is further filtered by a small electrolytic capacitor of 10F for any noise generated by the circuit and then apply to microcontroller for further processing.
MARCH 6,2014 13

8051 MICROCONTROLLER

A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory and programmable input/output peripherals. In this project the 8051 microcontroller AT89S52 is used. It is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8k bytes of in-system programmable flash memory.
14

MARCH 6,2014

WHY RELAY IS USED?


A relay is an electrically operated switch.

Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which can be completely separate from the first.

ULN2003 is an IC which is used to interface relay with the microcontroller.

MARCH 6,2014

15

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays. The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external source and communicates directly with the LCD.
MARCH 6,2014 16

ADVANTAGES
This proposed model are applicable to all types of cables ranging from 1 kv to 500 kv. Fault Detection method is simple and easy to maintain. Not specified training are required to use this model. Operator can easily differentiate between light and severe faults.

MARCH 6,2014

17

DISADVANTAGES

Continuous observation of the operator are required. No direct detection of multiple faults.

The accuracy of the measurement depends on the size of the


measuring current.

MARCH 6,2014

18

APPLICATION
Location of incipient faults. The permanent fault in cables would be

averted if the incipient fault was located.

Telecom engineering companies.

It used in department of electricity, railways, mines to ensure the construction quality inspection of underground cables.

MARCH 6,2014

19

ADVANCEMENT
Further this project can be enhanced by using parallel capacitor in an ac circuit to measure the impedance which can even locate the open circuited cable, unlike the short circuited fault only using resistors in DC circuit as followed in the above proposed project.

20

MARCH 6,2014

MARCH 6,2014

21

You might also like