Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally.
Definition of Power Plant
The assembly of equipmentthat produces mechanical energy utilizing the available energy source and converting it to electrical energy is known as a power plant
Classification
Hydro-electric Power Plant Thermal (Steam) Power Plant Diesel Engine Power Plant Nuclear Power Plant Gas Turbine Power Plant
Hydraulic Power Plant
Plants used to produce electric power from water are known as hydro electric power plants This Power plants utilize the potential energy and Kinetic energy of water as the source of energy for power generation. KE & PE of water is converted into mechanical power by using prime mover Hydraulic Turbines. This mechanical energy is used to run an electric generator which is directly coupled to the shaft of the turbine.
4
Main Elements
Storage Reservoir Natural or artificial. Dam Masonry dams, wooden dams, steel dams Waterways canal, penstock, tunnel Control elements gates, valves, trash rack etc Surge Tank additional storage space between main reservoir and power house. Also controls pressure variations from rapid changes in rate of flow of water through penstock o Power House o Water Turbines o Generator o o o o o
Hydraulic Power Plant - General Layout
Advantages
Operating cost is minimum compared to other power plants as no fuel is used Low maintenance cost Man power required for the operation is low No air pollution and safety problems Rapid fluctuating loads can be served economically Life of more than 50 years.
Disadvantages
High initial cost. Power generation not steady and reliable. Long distance transmission required Cost of power transmission high. Long time needed for planning and erection(10 to 15 years).
Steam Thermal Power Plant
A Steam thermal power plant converts the chemical energy of the fossil fuels (coal,oil,gas) into mechanical/electrical energy In India, coal using as the main fossil fuel.
10
Main systems of steam thermal plant
Fuel system coal and ash circuit Air and gas circuit Feed water system Cooling water system Boiler House Prime mover and Generator system Control and Instrumentation System
11
12
Components of steam thermal plant
Boiler 2. Steam turbine 3. Generator 4. Condenser 5. Cooling towers 6. Circulating water pump 7. Boiler feed pump 8. Economiser
1.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Super heater Re heater Air heater Boiler chimney Water treatment plant Coal mill Control room
13
Advantages
Less capital cost Construction time is low Power generation not dependent on natures mercy Power plant can be located near industrial areas, so transmission cost will be less
14
Disadvantages
Power generation cost is high Part load efficiency is less Fuel transportation and handling is difficult. Pollution Ash handling is difficult Life time of 20-25 years.
15
Diesel Engine Power Plant
Utilizing diesel for the power generation. Capacity of plant 2 to 50 MW Mostly used as a standby power plant Uses Small power capacity, for small towns, continuous power generation, peak load plant, mobile power plant
16
Components
Engine- generally a 2 stroke engine Air supply system Exhaust system Fuel system Cooling system Lubricating system Starting system- compressed air system(20kgf/cm2) Governing system- varying fuel supply
17
18
Advantages
More efficient for small capacity power generation than thermal plant. Layout, design and construction of buildings and foundations easier and less expensive Quickly started up and brought into service. Full automation possible at low capital cost. No problem of fuel handling and waste disposal Less space required
19
Disadvantages
Size is limited and very large capacities are not possible. Life is very less. Generates heavy noise High repair and maintenance cost High lubrication cost
20
Nuclear power plant
Use atomic energy for power generation Heat energy liberated using nuclear reaction. Heat produced by 1 kg of uranium = Heat produced by 4500 tones of coal.
21
Types of conventional reactors
Pressurized water reactor (PWR) Boiling water reactor (BWR)
22
Conventional Reactor....
Pressurized water reactor The most safe and reliable technology available Ordinary water used both for coolant and moderator High pressure of 150atm used to prevent boiling inside the reactor Using high pressurized hot water, steam is generated in secondary loop (called steam generator) Thermal efficiency of about 30%
23
Pressurized water reactor...
24
Reactor systems used..1
Pressurized water reactor
25
Conventional Reactor....
Boiling water reactor
Ordinary water used as both coolant and moderator
Steam is directly generated inside the reactor core Pressure inside the reactor is around 75atm Thermal efficiency is about 35% But maintenance cost more than PWR Eg:- Tarapur Power station
26
Boiling water reactor
27
M.S.Steve/ Assist. Professor/ Dept. of ME/ AJCE
Reactor systems used..2
Boiling water reactor
28
Advantages
More economical compared to thermal plants. No problem of fuel transportation, storage and handling , ash handling Low man power required Cost of operation reduced. Less space occupied than thermal plant.
29
Disadvantages
Danger of nuclear radiation. Disposal of radio active wastes Part load operation is inefficient. Capital cost of small sized plants is high.
30
