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Science Form 1 Chapter 2-Cell As A Unit of Life

1) A cell is the basic unit of life and all living things are made up of one or more cells. 2) Cells come in two main types - plant cells and animal cells. Plant cells contain chloroplasts and a cell wall while animal cells do not have these structures. 3) The human body is made up of many different types of cells that are organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems to carry out essential life functions.

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155 views

Science Form 1 Chapter 2-Cell As A Unit of Life

1) A cell is the basic unit of life and all living things are made up of one or more cells. 2) Cells come in two main types - plant cells and animal cells. Plant cells contain chloroplasts and a cell wall while animal cells do not have these structures. 3) The human body is made up of many different types of cells that are organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems to carry out essential life functions.

Uploaded by

Joanna W. Doinsing
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2: Cell as a Unit of Life

FORM 1

Cell membrane (Membran sel) Semipermeable thin layer which controls the exchange of vellular materials.
Cell wall (Dinding sel) A rigid outer wall of plant cells which is made up of cellulose. Chlorophyll (Klorofil) The green pigment found in the leaves which absorbs light for photosynthesis. Cytoplasm (Sitoplasma) A jelly-like substance surrounding the nucleus of a cell which acts as a medium fir metabolic reactions.

GLOSSARY

Germ (Kuman) A very small thing that cause infections and diseases.
Nucleus (Nukleus) The control centre of a cell which contains genetic information. Organ (organ) A group of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function. System (sistem) A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function. Tissue (Tisu) A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.

Vacuole (Vakuol) The structure of a plant cell that stores water, dissolved minerals, sugar and waste materials.

A cell is the basic unit of all living things. All living things include plants, animals and humans are made up of cells. A cell is the smallest part in a living thing. The cell structures can be observed by using a microscope.

What is a cell?

Plant cells and animal cells differ in their shapes and functions.

Similarities between animal cell and plant cell: Have a cell membrane Have cytoplasm Have a nucleus
Differences between animal cell and plant cell: Animal cell No cell wall Indefinite shape Usually has no vacuole or very small vacuole No chloroplasts Plant cell Has a cell wall Definite shape Usually has a large vacuole Has chloroplasts

Functions of cell structures are as follows:


Cell Structure Cell wall Cell membrane Function Maintains the cell in a definite shape Controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell

Cytoplasm
Nucleus Chloroplasts Vacuole

A place which chemical reactions take place. Store dissolved materials.


Controls all cellular activities. Contains genetic information. Contains chlorophyll which absorbs light energy. Contains cell sap made up of dissolved substances.

A unicellular organism consists of only one cell. Examples of unicellular organisms are Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena and yeast.

Amoeba

Paramecium

Euglena

Yeast

2.2 Unicellular and Multicellualar Organisms

A multicellular organism consists of many cells. Examples of multicellular organisms are butterfly, ant, Hydra and Spirogyra

Spirogyra Sparrow Rat Hydra

Microorganisms are very fine organisms. They can only be seen under a microscope. Majority of miroorganisms are unicellular. Examples include protozoa, bacteria and viruses. Unicellular organisms carry out all the life processes such as movement, response, respiration, digestion, excretion, reproduction and growth.

Human being is a multicellular organism.


There are many different types of cells in the human body. Different cells perform different functions. Some of the examples are given below. A group of similar cells that perform the same function is known as a tissue.

An organ is a group of different tissues that carry out a certain function.


Several different organs connected to one another and perform a particular function form a system.

The organization of human cells is as follow: Cell Tissue Organ System Organism

2.3 Cell Organisation in the Human Body

Type of cell Nerve cell

Function Receives and transmits nerve impulses between sensory organs (nose, skin, eyes and ears) to the brain and all parts of the body. Allows movement of different parts of the body through contraction and relaxation.

Muscle cell

Bone cell

Supports and protects the organs.

Red blood cell

Transports oxygen to all parts of the body.

White blood cell

Protects the body from the infection of the microorganisms such as bacteria and virus.

Reproductive cell

Involves in producing young for the next generation.

Various types of systems in the human body, their functions and their respective organs.

Digestive Excretory Nervous Endocrine Muscular Respiratory Blood circulatory Reproductive Skeletal Lymphatic

System: Digestive System


Functions: Breaks down food materials for absorption by the body. Associated organs: Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestines, liver and pancreas.

System: Excretory System


Functions: Removes excretory products from the body. Associated organs: Lungs, skin, kidneys and urinary bladder.

System: Nervous System


Functions: Coordinates activities of the body. Associated organs: Brain, spinal cord and nerve fibres.

System: Endocrine System


Functions: Secretes hormones to maintain activities of the body. Associated organs: Pituitary glands, thyroid glands, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries and testes.

System: Muscular System


Functions: Controls body movement. Associated organs: Muscles and tendons

System: Respiratory System


Functions: Takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. Oxidises food to produce energy. Associated organs: Nose, trachea, lungs, diaphragm.

System: Blood circulatory System


Functions: Transports nutrients, oxygen and excretory products. Associated organs: Heart, veins and arteries.

System: Reproductive System


Functions: Produces offspring. Associated organs: Man: Testes and penis Woman: Ovaries, uterus and vagina

System: Skeletal System


Functions: Provides support to the body, maintains the shape of the body, protects internal organs and allows movements of the body. Associated organs: Bones and cartilages

System: Lymphatic System


Functions: Protects body from diseases. Associated organs: Lymph nodes

Human beings are considered complex organisms. Human cells are organised into tissues, organs and systems. Human cells are specialised. They perform certain specific functions only. With the proper organisation of cells, life processes can be carried out effectively.

2.4 Humans are Complex Organisms

The end

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