Scribd
Upload
115 views13 pages

Impulse and Reactionturbine

This document discusses different types of turbines and their working principles. There are two main types of turbines - impulse turbines and reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use nozzles to direct steam onto curved blades to cause rotation through impulse. Reaction turbines have fixed and moving blades where steam pressure and velocity are reduced as it flows through. Most steam turbines use a mixture of impulse and reaction designs to maximize efficiency across pressure stages. Turbines are widely used in power generation, ships, aircraft and other applications due to advantages like high speed, low steam consumption and compact size.

Uploaded by

Karthik Chilla
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
115 views13 pages

Impulse and Reactionturbine

This document discusses different types of turbines and their working principles. There are two main types of turbines - impulse turbines and reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use nozzles to direct steam onto curved blades to cause rotation through impulse. Reaction turbines have fixed and moving blades where steam pressure and velocity are reduced as it flows through. Most steam turbines use a mixture of impulse and reaction designs to maximize efficiency across pressure stages. Turbines are widely used in power generation, ships, aircraft and other applications due to advantages like high speed, low steam consumption and compact size.

Uploaded by

Karthik Chilla
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

09 ME 93 Yasir hashmi QUEST Nawabshah

Turbines
A turbine is a rotary engine that exerts energy from a

fluid flow and converts it into useful work.

There are two basic types of turbines according to the mode of steam. 1. Impulse turbine 2. Reaction turbine

Impulse turbine Working principle


It runs by impulse of steam.
Nozzle directs the steam on the curved blades, which

causes them to rotate. The blades are in the shape of buckets.

The energy to rotate an impulse turbine is derived

from the kinetic energy of the steam flowing through the nozzle. The potential energy is converted into kinetic energy when it passes through the nozzle. The velocity of steam is reduced when it passes over the blades.

Reaction turbine Working principle


It has no nozzle. Two rows of moveable blades are separated by one row of

fixed blades. Fixed blades are attached to the casing & act as nozzles. Blades are like the wings of a plane.

Velocity of steam is increased when it passes through

the fixed blades. The enthalpy drop in moving blades is called degree of reaction. A common arrangement can have 50% of enthalpy drop in moving blades, it is said to have 50% reaction. If all enthalpy drops in moving blades then it is said to be 100% reaction.

Difference between impulse and reaction turbine


S.NO 1. Impulse turbine The steam flows through the nozzle and impinges on the moving blades. Reaction turbine The steam first flows through the guide mechanism and then through the moving blades.

2.

The steam impinges on the buckets with kinetic energy.


The steam may or may not be admitted over the whole circumference. The blades are symmetrical

The steam glides over the moving vanes with pressure and kinetic energy.
The steam pressure is reduced during its flow through the moving blades. The blades are not symmetrical

3.

4.

Efficiency
To maximize the efficiency of steam turbine the steam

is expanded, generating work in a number of stages. Multiple stages turbines are highly efficient. Most steam turbines use a mixture of both impulse and reaction design. Higher pressure sections are impulse type and lower pressure sections are reaction type.

Advantages of steam turbine


It can develop higher speeds.
The steam consumption is less. All the parts are enclosed in a casing so it is safe.

It requires less space and lighter foundations.


There is very less friction in the turbine due to few

sliding parts.

Uses
Turbines are used in force draft blowers, pumps and

main propulsion turbines. Used in the jet engines and air crafts. They are also used in power plants , ships and submarines.

Pressure velocity graph of impulse and reaction

turbines.

Thanks

You might also like