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Independent Clause
Independent clause is the clause that can stand by itself, makes a sense by itself. There are seven basic clause types.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Subject + Verb Subject + Verb + Adjunct Subject + verb + complement Subject + verb + object Subject + verb + object + adjunct Subject + verb + object + object Subject + verb + object + complement
TYPE 1
Subject verb (SV)
The verb refers to the action carried out by the subject that does not affect anybody or anything else. Subject-Verb (SV), e.g.
Subject
Anila my mother
Verb
kicked is drilling
the girl
Li Wei
laughed
went
TYPE 1
Subject verb (SV)
A point to note here is that some verbs may take an Object, and thereby be expanded into the basic SVO structure, whereas some may not. Eg
Subject
Anila
Verb
kicked
Object
the ball
EXERCISE
TYPE 1
The movement is spreading. The ducks are swimming. She laughed.
TYPE 2:
A kind of intransitive (SVA)
Intransitive clause has Subject Verb Adjucnt. The verb invovled here take obligatory Adjunct. The mission of Adjunct in this is show more details about the action,event and state.
For Example:
Intransitive clause has Subject Verb Adjunct.
Subject
The small child
My friend
Verb
cried
left
Adjucnt
very loudly
that evening
[Adjunct of manner]
[Adjunct of the time]
Bibber
She
live
in America
[Adjunct of the location]
[Adjunct of the cause]
had been sad since you left
Ozawa
I
act
was fallen
well
on the floor
[Adjunct of a verb phrase]
[adjunct of Preposition phrase]
EXERCISE
1) Robert ran to the door.
2) I go crazy because of you
3) Her stupid child was failed this morning
TYPE 3
Intensive Clause (SVC)
Intensive Clause has Subject Verb Complement The Subject and Complement are said to be and intensive relation The difference is that the Subject and Object refer to different things whereas the Subject and Complement (in a SVC clause) refer to the same thing
The difference between Object And Complement
For Example: *Julie ate the corn. S V Object *Dawn seems so sad. S V Complement
A complement describes a verb argument (subject or object) more closely: *Sir George is a knight.
Subject Complement
*The Queen made Sir George a knight
Object Complement
TYPE 4
Subject Verb Object (SVO)
This is a transitive clause type. This type of clause is known as the commonest. And it is also called mono-transitive. Transitive implies having an object, and monotransitive having only one object. Structure: S + V + O
TYPE 4
Subject Verb Object (SVO)
Example: She sings a song. S V O Exercise: - The sky is blue. - Tom hugged the dog.
TYPE 5
Subject Verb Object Adjunct (SVOA)
Its also transitive clause type. But here it needs obligatory adjunct in addition to an object. Structure: S + V + O + A Example: He hugged the dog gently.
TYPE 5
Subject Verb Object Adjunct (SVOA)
Adjunct of manner: My friend wrote her essay quickly. Adjunct of time: I met my brother last night. Adjunct of location: Children are playing soccer in the yard.
EXERCISE
TYPE 5
They will go to Thailand tomorrow. He drives his car carefully. My mom is looking at me angrily.
TYPE 6
Di-transitive clause type (SVOO)
Di-transitive clause have two objects. Direct object (DO) and Indirect object (IO) S + V + IO + DO (Do action) (action) (receive DO) (receive action) example: He bought his wife a new car.
S V IO DO
He gave the police the information.
S V IO DO
TYPE 6
Di-transitive clause type (SVOO)
It have 2 structure
S + V + DO + TO + IO
Eg: I pass the ball to peter. (I pass peter the ball)
S V DO IO
I sent a letter to my friend.
S V DO IO
( I sent my friend a letter)
TYPE 6
Di-transitive clause type (SVOO)
S + V + DO + FOR + IO
Eg: They saved a seat for me
S V DO IO
She made a cake for him.
S V DO IO
TYPE 7
Complex-transitive clause type (SVOC)
After verb is an object and a complement. S and C (Complement) are refer to the same thing S+V+O+C Eg: The children find the story interesting.
S V O C
American elect Obama the president.
S V O C
TYPE 7
Complex-transitive clause type (SVOC)
Other verb may enter in type: choose, select, elect, vote, appoint, name, consider, assign, call
The company appointed him sales manager. We consider her as the best student of the year. They named their son Tony.
TYPE 7
Complex-transitive clause type (SVOC) The local people find the new exciting. The result make me disappointed. Nobody believes him successful.
Other verb may enter in type 7: find, make, consider, believe, think, leave
EXERCISE
TYPES 6 + 7
Barry sent Mary a bunch of carnations. Jane has given her mother a present. Everybody name this action selfishness.
His mother considers him a genius.
GROUP 5: ng Phi Tn Nguyn Duy Phan Th Thanh Xun Nguyn H Thanh Phng
