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TAXONOMY

Systematics is the scientific study of biological diversity and evolutionary history. It involves identifying, naming, and classifying organisms according to a taxonomic system that arranges them in a hierarchy of domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature provides rules for assigning standardized scientific names to taxonomic groups to allow for stable and unambiguous reference to different organisms. Identification of unknown plants can be accomplished through use of identification keys, descriptions, illustrations, herbaria, and expert consultation.

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1K views23 pages

TAXONOMY

Systematics is the scientific study of biological diversity and evolutionary history. It involves identifying, naming, and classifying organisms according to a taxonomic system that arranges them in a hierarchy of domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature provides rules for assigning standardized scientific names to taxonomic groups to allow for stable and unambiguous reference to different organisms. Identification of unknown plants can be accomplished through use of identification keys, descriptions, illustrations, herbaria, and expert consultation.

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Systematics: The Science Of Biological Diversity Chapter 12

Systematics- the scientific study of biological diversity and its evolutionary history.

Theophrastus (370-285 B.C.)


Father of Botany, student of Aristotle. Classified plants based on form.
Tree Shrub Undershrub Herb

Atropa belladonna- Solanaceae

Carol von Linn (1707-1778)


Swedish naturalist. Species Naturae & Plantarum.
Plant descriptions. Plant binomials- a two-term system of nomenclature.
Genus and species (specific epithet). Example- catnip.
Nepeta cataria L. Nepeta floribus interrupte spicatus pedunculatis

Nepeta cataria- Lamiaceae

Taxonomy
Taxonomy- (gr. taxis- arrangement, nomos- law) the science of the classification of organisms.
Identifying, naming, classifying organisms. Domain Kingdom Phylum- phyta Class- phyceae Order- ales Family- aceae Genus Species

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes


Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Eukaryote Lineages

Origin of Cells

Origin of Eukaryotic Cells

Species Concepts

International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)


Aim- to provide a stable method of naming taxonomic groups.
Principle I- botanical nomenclature is independent of zoological and bacteriological nomenclature. Principle II- names of taxonomic groups are determined by means of nomenclatural types. Principle III- nomenclature of a taxonomic group is based upon priority of publication.

Naming- the purpose of giving a name to a taxonomic group is not to indicate its characters or history, but to supply a means of referring to it and to indicate its rank.

Taxonomic Terminology
Taxon- a taxonomic group of any rank (plural: taxa). Synonym- two or more names that apply to the same taxon. Basionym- the original name of a taxon. Author/s- the first person or persons to describe a taxon. Revisionary author/s- the person or persons that modified the name. Etymology- the derivation, origin, or history of a word. Type Specimen- a specimen designated to serve as a reference point for a scientific name.
Holotype Lectotype

Taxonomic Names
Species names consists of the genus name, plus the specific epithet. Members of a species may be grouped into subspecies or varieties.

How do you identify plants?


Ask an expert. Use a herbarium. Compare plant with a written description. Use books to picture I.D. specimens.
Photographs and illustrations.

Use a dichotomous key.

Dichotomous Keys
A method employed for identifying unknown organisms. A dichotomous key is constructed of a series of couplets, each consisting of two separate statements.
1. Flowers white .................. Plant A 1. Flowers red or yellow ..... 2
2. Petals red ............ Plant B 2. Petals white ........ Plant C

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