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Conjunction Notes Conjunction Notes

This document provides information about conjunctions including definitions, types, and examples. It discusses the three main types of conjunctions: coordinating, correlative, and subordinating. Coordinating conjunctions join equal elements like words, phrases, and clauses. Correlative conjunctions come in pairs and require parallel structures on both sides. Subordinating conjunctions introduce subordinate clauses and make one clause dependent on the other. Various conjunctions are defined and examples are given to illustrate their functions in sentences. Common subordinating conjunctions and their uses relating to time, reason, purpose, condition, and other relationships are also outlined.

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Nur Amanina Azhari
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64 views

Conjunction Notes Conjunction Notes

This document provides information about conjunctions including definitions, types, and examples. It discusses the three main types of conjunctions: coordinating, correlative, and subordinating. Coordinating conjunctions join equal elements like words, phrases, and clauses. Correlative conjunctions come in pairs and require parallel structures on both sides. Subordinating conjunctions introduce subordinate clauses and make one clause dependent on the other. Various conjunctions are defined and examples are given to illustrate their functions in sentences. Common subordinating conjunctions and their uses relating to time, reason, purpose, condition, and other relationships are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Nur Amanina Azhari
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Conjunction

Conjunction
Notes
Notes
Presented by:
NUR AMANINA AZHARI
RAUDHAH RAMLAN
Table of content
1. Definition of conjunction

2. Types of conjunction

3. Aspects of conjunction
- Forms
- Functions
- Positions
1. Definition of
conjunction
connect words or
groups of words.
It is a linking
word.
2. Types of
conjunction
There are 3 kinds of
conjunctions.
1. Coordinating
2. Correlative
3. Subordinating
Conjunctions:

is a single connecting
word.

Example: and, but, or, yet,


for, nor, so
Coordinating
conjunctions join
equals to one
another:

words to words,
phrases to
phrases,
Example
WORD TO WORD
Most children like cookies AND milk.

PHRASES TO PHRASES
The gold is hidden at the beach OR at the
lakeside.

CLAUSES TO CLAUSES
What you say AND what you do are two
different things.
Coordinating
conjunctions
usually form
looser
connections than
other
conjunctions do.
EXAMPLES

Marge was late for work , AND she received


cut in pay.
( VERY LOOSE )

Marge was late for work. SO she received a


cut in pay.
( LOOSE )

BECAUSE Marge was late for work. She


received a cut in pay.
( the subordinate conjunction BECAUSE
creates a tighten link between two ideas. )
Coordinating
conjunctions go in
between items
joined, not at the
beginning or end.
[between]

[beginning]
Punctuation with
coordinating
conjunctions:

When a coordinating conjunction


joins two words, phrases, or
subordinate clauses, no comma
should be placed before the
conjunction.
EXAMPLES :
WORDS : COOKIES AND MILK

PHRASES : AT THE BEACH OR


BY THE LAKESIDE

SUBORDINATE CLAUSES :
WHAT YOU SAY AND WHAT
YOU DO
A coordinating
conjunction joining three
or more words, phrases,
or subordinate clauses
creates a series and
requires commas
between the elements .
EXAMPLES :

Words : peanut, cookies AND


milk

Phrases : in the mountains, at the


beach, OR by the lakeside
Subordinate clauses : what you
say, AND what you do
A coordinating
conjunction joining two
independent clauses
creates a compound
sentence and requires a
comma before the
coordinating conjunction
EXAMPLES :
Tom ate all the peanuts ,
SO Phil ate the cookies

I don’t care for the beach ,


BUT I enjoy good vacation
in the mountains
Example of Words:
• Pete and Terry are good friends. (Nouns)
• Did you speak with him or her? (Pronouns)
• The dog growled and barked at me. (Verbs)
• The box was long and narrow. (Adjectives)
• She spoke softly yet urgently. (Adverbs)
Group of Words:

• He looked on the chair and under


the chair. (Prepositional phrases)
• Katy began the job but did not
finish. (Complete predicates)
• You should remove the bread
from the oven, or it will burn.
(Sentences)
2. Correlative Conjunctions:
are pairs of conjunctions.
Correlative conjunctions
also connect words or
groups of words.

• Example : both/and
either/or
neither/nor
not only/but also
whether/or
These pairs of conjunctions
require equal (parallel)
structures after
each one.
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
These conjunctions join independent
clauses together.
Example of Words:

• Both the temperature and the


humidity were high yesterday.
(Nouns)
• That coat is neither warm nor
comfortable. (Adjectives)
Group of Words:

•Either Eva will come to


our house, or we will see
her at my cousin’s house.
(Sentences)
3. Subordinating Conjunctions:
cannot stand alone as a sentence.
They begin a clause that cannot
stand alone and joins it to a clause
that can stand alone. A clause is a group of
words with a subject and verb.

• Example: The fans were quiet


while the golfer putted.
• Although I prefer peaches, I also
like strawberries.
Common Subordinate
Conjunctions
• After as soon as in order that until
• Although as though since when
• As because so that whenever
• As far as before than where
• As if even though wherever
• As long as if unless while
Subordinating conjunctions also join two clauses
together, but in doing so, they make one clause
dependent (or "subordinate") upon the other.
EXAMPLES :
Subordinate conjunction of
time
The patient had died before the doctor
arrived.

Subordinate conjunction of
reason Since you insist, I will come to
your home.

Subordinate conjunction of
purpose – We eat so that we may live.
Subordinate conjunction of
condition
I wonder why you left the company.

Subordinate conjunction of
consequence – The baby was so tired that
it slept immediately.

Subordinate conjunction of
concession Though you insist, I will not
talk to her.

Subordinate conjunction of
Since
As a conjunction since means ‘from
the past time when’.

Where have you been since I last


saw you?

It is one week since we arrived


here.

I have never seen him since I left


that city.
Notes
When used as a conjunction in this sense,
since is usually preceded by a verb in the
present perfect tense, and followed by a
verb in the past tense.

The conjunction since can also mean ‘as’.

Since we have no money, we can’t buy


anything. (= As we have no money, we can’t
buy anything.)
Or
The conjunction or is
used to introduce an
alternative.

Is it blue or green?

Hurry up, or else we will be


late.

You can study hard or you can


fail.
Nor
The conjunction nor is still used,
though it is not very common. Its
most common use is in the
correlative pair neither-nor.

She is neither beautiful nor


intelligent.

He is neither rich nor wise.

Nor can also be used with other


negative expressions.
If
The conjunction if means ‘on the
condition that’, ‘supposing that’
and similar ideas.

If you want to go, I will you take you.


If it rains, we shall not go.

If can also mean ‘when’ or ‘whenever’.

If I do not wear my spectacles, I get a


headache.

If can mean whether.


Do you know if Mr John is at home?
That
The conjunction that can be used to
express a reason or cause. It is
equivalent to because.

He was annoyed that he was


contradicted. (= He was annoyed
because he was contradicted.)

That may also express a purpose. It


is equivalent to ‘in order that’.

We sow that we may reap.


Interjections
Definition:

A short utterance that usually expresses


emotion and is capable of standing alone.
Interjections are generally considered one
of the traditional parts of speech.

In writing, an interjection is typically


followed by an exclamation point.
interjection meaning example
expressing "Ah, that feels
pleasure good."
expressing "Ah, now I
realization understand."
ah expressing "Ah well, it can't
resignation be heped."
expressing
"Ah! I've won!"
surprise
expressing grief "Alas, she's
alas or pity dead now."
expressing "Oh dear! Does
pity it hurt?"
dear "Dear me!
expressing
That's a
surprise surprise!"

"It's hot today."


asking for
eh repetition
"Eh?" "I said it's
hot today."
"What do you
expressing
think of that,
enquiry eh?"

expressing
eh surprise
"Eh! Really?"

inviting
"Let's go, eh?"
agreement
expressing "Lima is the capital
er hesitation of...er...Peru."

expressing "Hello John. How


hello, greeting are you today?"

hullo expressing "Hello! My car's


surprise gone!"

calling attention "Hey! look at that!"

hey expressing "Hey! What a good


surprise, joy etc idea!"

expressing
hi greeting
"Hi! What's new?"
expressing
hesitation, "Hmm. I'm not
hmm doubt or so sure."
disagreement

expressing "Oh! You're


surprise here!"

"Oh! I've got a


oh, o expressing pain toothache."

expressing "Oh, please say


pleading 'yes'!"
expressing "Ouch! That
ouch pain hurts!"

"Uh...I don't
expressing
uh hesitation
know the answer
to that."

expressing "Shall we go?"


uh-huh agreement "Uh-huh."

expressing "85 divided by 5


um, umm hesitation is...um...17."
expressing
"Well I never!"
surprise

well
introducing "Well, what did
a remark he say?"
Exercises for
conjunction
HTTP://ESL.FIS.EDU/
VOCAB/Q12M/CONJ_R.HTM
More conjunction
exercises
HTTP://
WWW.LEARNENGLISHFEE
LGOOD.COM/ENGLISH-
SUBORDINATING-
CONJUNCTIONS2.HTML
ah er hello hmm oh alas well um
ah er hello hmm oh alas well um
dear eh uh-huh ouch
dear eh uh-huh ouch
1. " that feels good"
2. " , she's dead now"
3. " Oh  ! Does it hurt ?"
4. "What do you think of that,  ?"
5. "Lima is the capital of.... ....Peru"
6. "  John, How are you today ?"
7. " , I'm not so sure"
8. "  , please say 'yes' !"
9. " , what did he say "
10. " 85 divided by 5 is... ...17"
11. "Shall we go ? " " "
12. "  ! That hurts !"
Answers

1. " Ah that feels good"


2. " Alas, she's dead now"
3. " Oh Dear ! Does it hurt ?"
4. "What do you think of that, eh ?"
5. "Lima is the capital of.... er....Peru"
6. " Hello John, How are you today ?"
7. " hmm, I'm not so sure"
8. " Oh , please say 'yes' !"
9. " Well, what did he say "
10. " 85 divided by 5 is... um...17"
11. "Shall we go ? " "Uh-huh "
12. " ouch ! That hurts !"
THE END
AND THANK
YOU. Have a
nice day.

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