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Active Compensation of Harmonics in Industrial Applications

The document discusses power system harmonics, which are currents and voltages with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. It covers the causes of harmonics from non-linear loads, their negative effects like overheating and failures, and standards for harmonic limitation. The document also discusses both passive and active techniques for mitigating harmonics, with active compensation using static converters to inject currents to cancel harmonics.

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Rama Shashank
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85 views17 pages

Active Compensation of Harmonics in Industrial Applications

The document discusses power system harmonics, which are currents and voltages with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. It covers the causes of harmonics from non-linear loads, their negative effects like overheating and failures, and standards for harmonic limitation. The document also discusses both passive and active techniques for mitigating harmonics, with active compensation using static converters to inject currents to cancel harmonics.

Uploaded by

Rama Shashank
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACTIVE COMPENSATION OF HARMONICS IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

BY RAMA KARTHIK

What are Power System Harmonics?

Currents and voltages with frequencies that are integer multiples of fundamental 1st harmonic :50hz 2nd harmonic:100hz 3rd harmonic:150hz

Why Bother about Harmonics? 50-60% of all electrical Ac Systems in operate with non-linear type loads Power-Quality-PQ Issues & Problems Damage to Power Factor Correction capacitors Waveform Distortion can create SAG/SWELL/NOTCHING/RINGING Additional Power/Energy Losses

Loads Producing Harmonic Currents

Electronic lighting ballasts/Controls Adjustable speed Motor-Drives Electric Arc Welding Equipment Solid state Industrial Rectifiers Industrial Process Control Systems Uninterruptible Power Supplies ( UPS )systems Saturated Inductors/Transformers LAN/Computer Networks

Calculation of THD

THD: Ratio of the RMS of the harmonic content to the RMS of the Fundamental

Current THD-I

Voltage THD-V

Negative Effects of Harmonics

Overheating and premature failure of distribution transformers

Overheating and mechanical oscillations in the motor-load system Overheating and damage of neutral ground conductors
3rd, 9th, 15th Trouble sustained type Harmonics: A 3-phase 4-wire system: single phase harmonic will add rather than cancel on the neutral conductor
[2]

Increasing iron and copper losses or eddy currents due to stray flux losses

[1]

Producing rotating magnitude field, which is opposite to the fundamental magnitude field.

[1]

Malfunction/Mal-Operation of Sensitive Tele-control and Protection Relaying

Measure Equipments of Harmonics


Digital Oscilloscope: Wave shape, THD and Amplitude of each harmonic True RMS Multi-Meter: Giving correct readings for distortion-free sine waves and typically reading low when the current waveform is distorted Use of Harmonic Meters-Single Phase or three Phase

Standards for Harmonics Limitation IEEE/IEC

IEEE 519-1992 Standard: Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems (Current Distortion Limits for
120v-69kv DS)

Harmonic mitigating techniques Passive techniques Active techniques

Passive techniques Addition of inductive impedance-line reactors Capacitor based harmonic filters

Active techniques An active harmonic compensator is a device using at least one static conve Harmonic compensation Series harmonic compensation Shunt active harmonic compensation

Shunt active compensation

Analogy of shunt type active harmonic conditioner

Principle of harmonic compensation with shunt type

Simulation results

Thank you

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