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Pattern Recognition - Presentation

Template models and prototype theory are two approaches to pattern recognition. Template models involve storing specific visual patterns and comparing incoming stimuli to find a match. However, this approach cannot account for context effects or variations in stimuli. Prototype theory proposes that people form abstract mental prototypes of categories based on exemplars. Recognition then involves comparing stimulus features to these prototypes to find the best match. Both bottom-up processing of stimulus features and top-down processing using context and expectations contribute to pattern recognition.

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355 views

Pattern Recognition - Presentation

Template models and prototype theory are two approaches to pattern recognition. Template models involve storing specific visual patterns and comparing incoming stimuli to find a match. However, this approach cannot account for context effects or variations in stimuli. Prototype theory proposes that people form abstract mental prototypes of categories based on exemplars. Recognition then involves comparing stimulus features to these prototypes to find the best match. Both bottom-up processing of stimulus features and top-down processing using context and expectations contribute to pattern recognition.

Uploaded by

nurfarizax
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PSYCHOLOGY PPGS 6301

PATTERN RECOGNITION

Pattern recognition
CONTENT Template Models Problems with template models Content effects Feature Detection Theory Prototype Theory Top- Down vs Bottom up Processing

PATTERN RECOGNITION
Definition: A process of identifying a stimulus. Recognizing a correspondence between a stimulus and information in permanent memory (LTM)

The process of pattern recognition


It involves : a) The comparison of external, environmental stimuli to stored information about past experience. b) Thus by this we will be able to recognize and identify the stimulus and be able to give meaning to the stimulus.

Atkinson and Shiffrin Model

Input

Short term store Sensory store Central Prosesses Rehearsal Coding Retrieval strategies Long term store

Response output

Template Models

Templates a simple model of pattern recognition Templates are simple visual pattern stored in memory. An incoming stimulus is compared to specific patterns (or templates) that have been stored in memory in an attempt to find a good match. When the stimulus is the same as the templates, then it will be recognized and identified

Problem with template models


In order for a template model to perform accurately is if there are only many templates in place to accomadate the variety of patterns. For example : Some variations in form and style for the letter A.

Problems with template problems

The theory does not allow for different interpretation of the same stimulus the interpretation of a stimulus depends on the situation, a persons perspective, their mood, etc.

Context effects

Definition the same stimulus is intepreted differently depending on its surrounding.

You should see two faces, but what are they?

How Many Faces Can You See?

See the colour of the words and say it out aloud

Feature Detection Theory

We break a stimulus down to its component features and the use these features to infer identity of the stimulus.

Prototype Theory
The stored representation is a Prototype : an abstraction of the typical or best example of an object. Examples: chairs, cars and trucks. Inputs are broken into feature lists. Recognition is process of comparing the features of the input to the features of prototypes, and selecting the best fit.

Prototype and Exemplar Models

A new exemplar is classified based on its similarity to a stored category representation Types of representation
prototype exemplar

Prototypes Representations

Central Tendency

Learning involves abstracting a set of prototypes

RECOGNITION BY COMPONENTS
Bottom Up (data driven) Processing stresses importance of information from the stimulus Top Down (conceptually driven) Processing stresses importance of context / expectations

TOP DOWN VS. BOTTOM UP PROCESSING

THE END

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