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Liquid Liquid Extraction

Liquid-liquid extraction is a separation process that uses two immiscible liquids, where solutes partition between the liquids based on their different solubilities. The target solutes are extracted by shaking the aqueous solution and organic solvent, then separating the layers. The solute must be soluble in both liquids. Temperature must remain constant during extraction, which is repeated 3-4 times for complete separation. The extract and raffinate are the organic and aqueous layers after separation, and the distribution of solute between them follows the Nernst distribution law. Factors like temperature, pH, and presence of surfactants or ions can influence the extraction or cause emulsion formation.

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940 views12 pages

Liquid Liquid Extraction

Liquid-liquid extraction is a separation process that uses two immiscible liquids, where solutes partition between the liquids based on their different solubilities. The target solutes are extracted by shaking the aqueous solution and organic solvent, then separating the layers. The solute must be soluble in both liquids. Temperature must remain constant during extraction, which is repeated 3-4 times for complete separation. The extract and raffinate are the organic and aqueous layers after separation, and the distribution of solute between them follows the Nernst distribution law. Factors like temperature, pH, and presence of surfactants or ions can influence the extraction or cause emulsion formation.

Uploaded by

DrAlok Garg
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Liquid Liquid Extraction

Liquid Liquid Extraction Technique


Liquid - liquid extraction, also called solvent extraction, is a process that allows the separation of two or more components due to their unequal solubilities in two immiscible liquid phases.

The

Sepration of target Solutes is performed by shaking the two liquids in a separatory funnel for a few minutes. The solute which will be extracted should be soluble with the both solvents (aquous solution and Organic Solvent) The solvents should be immiscible with each other. The temperature should be same during the overall extraction process. The process is done 3 to 4 times for separation of total solutes from aquous

In

the liquid liquid extraction process, the high density containing components is located at the lower phase and the low density containing components at the upper phase In case of Pharmaceutical chemical, two immiscible organic solvents are used. In case of Inorganic solutes, aquous solution is used because inorganic solutes are not soluble in organic solvent. In case of water sensitive inorganic solutes, chelate is formed by adding another component which is also

Liquid Liquid Extraction Principles


An

organic solvent is added to the aquous solution containing solutes and two immiscible layers are formed. With moderately shaking the layers are mixed. After mixing, the process is stopped for few minutes to form two immiscible layers. Then the organic layer is boiled to form precipitation of solutes which is measured.

Liquid Liquid Extraction Principles


The mixture of solution containing target solutes and organic solvent is called FEED PHASE. After extration, the feed and solvent phases are called Raffinate and Extract

The distribution of solute follows the Nernst Distribution Law


Nernst

Distribution Law,

Kp= Co/Caq Kp= the distribution constant Co= the concentration of analyte in the organic phase Caq= the concentration of analyte in the aquous phase

Crucial and Important Factors in Liquid Liquid Extraction


Error

due to Volume change Effectiveness of an extraction

Factors Influence Solvent Extraction


Effect of Temperature Effect of pH on extraction

Factors responsible for slow coalescence of emulsion


Presence of Finely divided powders of albumin, gelatin and natural gums. Presence of surfactants in target solutes Presence of ionic species at the interface of two immiscible layers.

Guidelines to avoid Emulsion Formation


Very

cautious and gentle agitation Removal of finely divided insoluble materials Use of solvent pair having large density differences and high interfacial tension Avoid extreme and particulary high range of pH Use of anion exchanger

Techniques used to break an Emulsion


Mechanical

Means Centrifugation Addition of monovalent and divalent ions Addition of Ethanol or higher alcohol Addition of silicone- defoaming agent Sudden cooling of emulsion Altering the ratio of solvents Passing Emulsion through the Thin bed of an adsorbent.

Presentation Group Members


Md. Al-Amin 2006-2-70-076 Md. Golam Tawabul Alam 2006-1-70-028 Md. Tanvir Kabir 2007-1-70-034 Md. Moniruzzaman 2007-1-70-027 Azim Ahmed 2006-2-70-064

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