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ImageProcessing9 Segmentation (PointsLinesEdges)

This document discusses image segmentation and edge detection techniques in digital image processing. It introduces the segmentation problem of partitioning image pixels into objects. Various methods for detecting points, lines, and edges are presented, including using masks and correlation for discontinuities. Common edge detectors like Sobel, Prewitt, and Laplacian filters are explained. The importance of edge detection as a first step in image analysis and examples detecting edges in various images are provided.

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Venkata Rao Nekkanti
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
113 views

ImageProcessing9 Segmentation (PointsLinesEdges)

This document discusses image segmentation and edge detection techniques in digital image processing. It introduces the segmentation problem of partitioning image pixels into objects. Various methods for detecting points, lines, and edges are presented, including using masks and correlation for discontinuities. Common edge detectors like Sobel, Prewitt, and Laplacian filters are explained. The importance of edge detection as a first step in image analysis and examples detecting edges in various images are provided.

Uploaded by

Venkata Rao Nekkanti
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Image Processing

Image Segmentation: Thresholding

Course Website: http://www.comp.dit.ie/bmacnamee

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Contents
So far we have been considering image processing techniques used to transform images for human interpretation Today we will begin looking at automated image analysis by examining the thorny issue of image segmentation:
The segmentation problem Finding points, lines and edges

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The Segmentation Problem


Segmentation attempts to partition the pixels of an image into groups that strongly correlate with the objects in an image Typically the first step in any automated computer vision application

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

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Segmentation Examples

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Detection Of Discontinuities
There are three basic types of grey level discontinuities that we tend to look for in digital images:
Points Lines Edges

We typically find discontinuities using masks and correlation

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Point Detection
Point detection can be achieved simply using the mask below:

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

Points are detected at those pixels in the subsequent filtered image that are above a set threshold

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Point Detection (cont)

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

X-ray image of a turbine blade

Result of point detection

Result of thresholding

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Line Detection
The next level of complexity is to try to detect lines The masks below will extract lines that are one pixel thick and running in a particular direction

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

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Line Detection (cont)


Binary image of a wire bond mask

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

After processing with -45 line detector

Result of thresholding filtering result

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Edge Detection
An edge is a set of connected pixels that lie on the boundary between two regions

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

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Edges & Derivatives


We have already spoken about how derivatives are used to find discontinuities 1st derivative tells us where an edge is 2nd derivative can be used to show edge direction

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

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Derivatives & Noise


Derivative based edge detectors are extremely sensitive to noise We need to keep this in mind

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

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Common Edge Detectors


Given a 3*3 region of an image the following edge detection filters can be used

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

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Edge Detection Example


Original Image Horizontal Gradient Component

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

Vertical Gradient Component

Combined Edge Image

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

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Edge Detection Example

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

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Edge Detection Example

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

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Edge Detection Example

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

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Edge Detection Example

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Edge Detection Problems


Often, problems arise in edge detection in that there are is too much detail For example, the brickwork in the previous example One way to overcome this is to smooth images prior to edge detection

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Edge Detection Example With Smoothing


Original Image Horizontal Gradient Component

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

Vertical Gradient Component

Combined Edge Image

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Laplacian Edge Detection


We encountered the 2nd-order derivative based Laplacian filter already

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

The Laplacian is typically not used by itself as it is too sensitive to noise Usually hen used for edge detection the Laplacian is combined with a smoothing Gaussian filter

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Laplacian Of Gaussian
The Laplacian of Gaussian (or Mexican hat) filter uses the Gaussian for noise removal and the Laplacian for edge detection

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

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Laplacian Of Gaussian Example

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Summary
In this lecture we have begun looking at segmentation, and in particular edge detection Edge detection is massively important as it is in many cases the first step to object recognition

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