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Brain Computer Interface

Brain computer interfaces (BCI) allow direct communication between the brain and external devices. BCIs detect brain signals, decode them, and translate them into outputs to control devices like prosthetics, robots, or computer programs. Current non-invasive BCIs use EEG to detect signals while invasive BCIs implant electrodes on the brain's surface. BCIs aim to help those with disabilities but also have applications for healthy users by providing novel forms of interaction and control. Significant computational challenges remain in developing minimally invasive BCIs with high accuracy and few calibration requirements.

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2K views

Brain Computer Interface

Brain computer interfaces (BCI) allow direct communication between the brain and external devices. BCIs detect brain signals, decode them, and translate them into outputs to control devices like prosthetics, robots, or computer programs. Current non-invasive BCIs use EEG to detect signals while invasive BCIs implant electrodes on the brain's surface. BCIs aim to help those with disabilities but also have applications for healthy users by providing novel forms of interaction and control. Significant computational challenges remain in developing minimally invasive BCIs with high accuracy and few calibration requirements.

Uploaded by

eager_learner
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BRAIN COMPUTER

INTERFACE
Presented by:
Anusuya Das.
Roll no. – 11931052001.
Department of Bio
-Medical Engg.
Siliguri Institute
OVERVIEW

Definition EEG based BCI for


General Principle tetraplegics
Background Brain Controlled Robots
Components Braingate BCI
Simplified Model of BCI BCI for healthy users
Current Brain Computer Computational challenges
Interface (BCI) Approaches and future implementations
Brain Computer
Interface
from fiction
to reality …..
In the futuristic vision of the Wachowski
brothers’ movie trilogy “The Matrix”,
humans dive into a virtual world by
connecting their brains directly to a
computer……..
MOVIE FICTION: THE MATRIX
DEFINITION

A Brain Computer
Interface (BCI) is a
collaboration in which a
brain accepts and controls
a mechanical device as a
natural part of its
representation of the body.
GENERAL
PRINCIPLE

(a) (b) (c)


(a) In healthy subjects, primary motor area sends movement
commands to muscles via spinal cord.
(b) In paralyzed people this pathway is interrupted.
(c) Computer based decoder translates this activity into
commands for muscle control.
BACKGROUND

 Signals from an array of


neurons read.
 Cerebral electric activity
recorded.
 Signals are amplified.
 Transmitted to computer
 Transformed to device
control commands.
 Using computer chips and
programs.
 Signals translated into action.
COMPONENTS

Signal acquisition
Preprocessing
Feature extraction
Classification
Application Interface
Feedback
Brain signal
Control signal
J.R. Wolpaw et al. 2002

SIMPLIFIED MODEL OF THE BCI SYSTEM


CURRENT BCI
APPROACHES

BCI
APPROACHES

NON
SEMI
INVASIVE INVASIVE
INVASIVE
EEG BASED BCI FOR
TETRAPLEGICS

6- channel EEG BCI used.


Sensory & motor cortices
activated during attempts.
Control scheme sends
movement intention to
Prosthetic Controller.
Prosthetic returns force
sensory information to
Controller.
Feedback processed and grip
is adjusted.
BRAIN CONTROLLED
ROBOTS

Robot hand mimics subject’s


finger movements.
Signals extracted and decoded
by computer program.
Transferred to hand shaped
robot.
To simulate original movement

performed.
Robot executes commands
using onboard sensor readings.
‘BRAINGATE’ BCI TAKES
SHAPE

The ‘Braingate’ device can provide motor- impared patients a


mode of communication through the translation of thought into
direct computer control.
FEATURES OF
BRAINGATE BCI
Neural Interface Device.
Consists of signal sensor
and external processors.
Converts neural signals to
output signals.
Sensor consists of tiny chip
with electrode sensors.
Chip implanted on brain
surface.
Cable connects sensor to
external signal processor.
Create communication o/p
using decoding software.
ATR HONDA DEVELOP
NEW BCI

BCI for manipulating robots


using brain signals.
Enables decoding natural brain
activity.
MRI based neural decoding.
No invasive incision of head and
brain.
By tracking haemodynamic
responses in brain.
Accuracy of 85%
BCI FOR HEALTHY
USERS

Induced disability.
Ease of use in hardware.
Ease of use in software.
Otherwise unavailable

information.
Improved training or
performance.
Confidentiality.
Speed.
Novelty.
COMPUTATIONAL
CHALLENGES AND
FUTURE IMPLEMENTATIONS
Minimally invasive
surgical methods.
Next generation Neuro-
prosthesis.
Vision prosthesis.
BCI for totally paralyzed.
Minimal number of
calibration trials.
Development of telemetry
chip to collect data without
external cables.
CONCLUSION

A potential therapeutic tool.

BCI System is nominated for the


European ICT Grand Prize.

Potentially high impact technology.


REFERENCES
BCI-info.org
Brain- computer interface, www.wikipedia.org
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Brain- computer-
interface#Invasive-BCIs
www.bci2000.org
Berlin Brain-Computer Interface
http://ida.first.fraunhofer.de/projects/bci/bbci-
official/index-en.html
Lebedev MA, Nicoleis MA(2006), Brain-machine
interfaces: past, present and future.
THANK YOU

FOR YOUR
ATTENTION

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