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Op Amp Application

This document provides an introduction to operational amplifiers (op-amps) and their basic circuit applications. It first discusses negative feedback and its uses. It then explains the ideal characteristics of an op-amp and compares it to the actual component. The key op-amp circuits covered are inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, comparators, summing amplifiers, differential amplifiers, differentiators, and integrators. For each circuit, the document outlines the circuit configuration and equations for the output voltage.

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Putra Arisandy
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221 views24 pages

Op Amp Application

This document provides an introduction to operational amplifiers (op-amps) and their basic circuit applications. It first discusses negative feedback and its uses. It then explains the ideal characteristics of an op-amp and compares it to the actual component. The key op-amp circuits covered are inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, comparators, summing amplifiers, differential amplifiers, differentiators, and integrators. For each circuit, the document outlines the circuit configuration and equations for the output voltage.

Uploaded by

Putra Arisandy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operational Amplifier

Introduction to Op-amp
circuits
Introduction to negative feedback
Negative feedback in Electronics
Introduction to Op-Amps
Basic Op-Amp circuits
Other Op-Amp applications
Examples of negative
feedback
Physiological examples
Walking in straight line with eyes closed!
Valve system





Use: Keeps a system under control even when
external conditions changes.
Negative feedback in
Electronics
Negative feedback in Electronics
The ideal amplifier
Gain--infinite
Input impedance--infinite
Output impedance--zero
Bandwidth--infinite
Voltage out--zero (when voltages into
each other are equal)
Current entering the amp at either terminal
-- extremely small

Op-Amp
Equivalent circuit
Rin
R
o
V
in V
o
V
CC
V
EE
V
+
V
-
Basic Op-Amp circuits
OPAMP: ANALYSIS
The key to op amp analysis is simple
1. No current can enter terminals V
+
or V
-
. Called infinite
input impedance.
2. Vout=A(V
+
- V
-
) with A
3. The +ve and ve (non-inverting and inverting) inputs
are forced to be at the same potential.
=> Because of infinite open loop gain
4. In a circuit V
+
is forced equal to V
-
. These property is
called virtual ground
5. Use the ideal op amp property in all your analyses
6. An opamp needs two voltages to power it Vcc and -
Vee. These are called the rails.
The actual operational amplifier
The actual operational amplifier
The actual operational amplifier
OPAMP: COMPARATOR
V
out
=A(V
in
V
ref
)
If V
in
>V
ref
, V
out
= + but practically
hits +ve rail = V
cc
If V
in
<V
ref
, V
out
= - but practically
hits ve rail = -V
ee
V
cc
-V
ee
V
IN
V
REF
Application: detection of QRS complex in ECG
OPAMP: INVERTING AMPLIFIER
1. V
-
= V
+
2. As V
+
= 0, V
-
= 0
3. As no current can
enter V
-
and from
Kirchoffs Ist law, I
1
=I
2
.
4. I
1
= (V
IN
- V
-
)/R
1
= V
IN
/R
1

5. I
2
= (0 - V
OUT
)/R
2
= -V
OUT
/R
2
=> V
OUT
= -I
2
R
2
6. From 3 and 6, V
OUT
= -I
2
R
2
= -I
1
R
2
= -V
IN
R
2
/R
1

7. Therefore V
OUT
= (-R
2
/R
1
)V
IN
OPAMP: NON INVERTING
AMPLIFIER
1. V
-
= V
+
2. As V
+
= V
IN
, V
-
= V
IN
3. As no current can enter
V
-
and from Kirchoffs Ist
law, I
1
=I
2
.
4. I
1
= V
IN
/R
1
5. I
2
= (V
OUT
- V
IN
)/R
2
=> V
OUT
= V
IN
+ I
2
R
2
6. V
OUT
= I
1
R
1
+ I
2
R
2
= (R
1
+R
2
)I
1
= (R
1
+R
2
)V
IN
/R
1
7. Therefore V
OUT
= (1 + R
2
/R
1
)V
IN
Inverting VS Non-Inverting
Inverting VS Non-Inverting
Voltage follower
SUMMING AMPLIFIER
V
OUT
= -R
f
(V
1
/R
1
+ V
2
/R
2
+ + V
n
/R
n
)
Recall inverting
amplifier and
I
f
= I
1
+ I
2
+ + I
n
I
f
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + + =
p
p
2
2
1
1
f
o
R
V
.......
R
V
R
V
R
V
mixed summing/subtracting amplifier
Differential Amplifier
``
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFERS
V
OUT
= (V
1
V
2
)R
2
/R
1

Amplifies a difference.
Common noise sources
add symmetrically to an
opamp. Thus there is a
differential (V1 V2) and a
common mode (V1 + V2)
component to the input.

Thus ,
V
OUT
= A
C
(V
1
+ V
2
) + A
D
(V
1
V
2
)
A
D
:differential (signal) gain, A
C
:common mode (noise) gain.
The ratio A
C
/A
D
(Common Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR) is
a very important parameter. Ideally CMRR
Differentiating Amplifier
Integrator [ramp generator]
R
i

-
+
C

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