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Data Storage

This document summarizes different types of data storage, including main memory, mass storage, and comparisons. Main memory (RAM) allows for fast random access but is volatile, while mass storage like hard disks are slower but can permanently store much larger amounts of data. Different mass storage technologies are discussed, such as hard disks that use tracks and sectors, optical disks like CDs and DVDs, tape storage, and comparisons of their characteristics.

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46 views

Data Storage

This document summarizes different types of data storage, including main memory, mass storage, and comparisons. Main memory (RAM) allows for fast random access but is volatile, while mass storage like hard disks are slower but can permanently store much larger amounts of data. Different mass storage technologies are discussed, such as hard disks that use tracks and sectors, optical disks like CDs and DVDs, tape storage, and comparisons of their characteristics.

Uploaded by

sreenathonweb
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Storage

CSci 131 Sept. 12, 2006

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Outline

Bytes Main Memory Mass Storage Comparison Quiz1 10 min

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Bit Review

Flip-flops and capacitors provide means for storing a bit Flash memory electrons are trapped inside tiny chambers

Two states are full or empty chambers

Flip flops, cores, capacitors are forms of

dynamic memory

Flash memory holds the data permanently


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Bytes

Byte is 8 ordered bits

10000000 and 00000001 are different

The left end is the high-order end and the leftmost bit is the most significant bit The right end is the low-order end and the rightmost bit is the least significant bit

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Storage Measurements

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Example

A file is 5,376,000 bytes long

How many kilobytes (KB) is this? How many megabytes (MB) is this?

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Main Memory

Main memory is a sequence of cells that can hold 1 byte Each cell has a unique numerical address Main memory is ordered

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Main memory

Consecutive bytes (cells) are used for larger data

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Properties of main memory

Random Access Memory RAM

each cell or memory location can be referenced, accessed, or modified in the same amount of time Access time is measured in nanoseconds

Memory is very fast

Memory is volatile

Contents disappear when power is gone


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Mass Storage

Also called Secondary Memory Much larger and cheaper than RAM Data contents remain after power is disconnected Access times are slower (in milliseconds) since secondary storage relies on mechanical motion
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Types of Mass Storage


Hard disk Floppy disk Zip Disk CD DVD Flash drive


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Disk Storage

Each surface of a disk has magnetic coating The surface is divided into rings called

tracks

Each track is broken down into sectors


Every track on a disk has the same number of sectors Each sector holds the same amount of data
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Disk Storage

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Disk Storage

Disk spins while a read/write head moves in and out to view different areas Types:

Hard disks: not removable, fast, primary storage Floppy/Zip disks: removable, slower, used for distribution or backup
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Disk Access

Move read/write head to proper track Wait for disk to spin and sector to move under read/write head Read from (write to) the sector as it passes under the read/write head

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Disk Access Terms

Seek time: time to move read/write head between tracks Latency time: time for disk rotation Access time: seek time + latency time Transfer rate: rate at which data can be transferred to/from disk

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Compact Disc (CD)

Uses optical technology instead of magnetic discs Each CD is a spinning, 5 in. diameter disc with reflective material and protective coating Writing requires a laser creating variations on the surface Reading uses a laser and mirrors to monitor the surface of the CD
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Compact Disc (CD)

CD is a single track that spirals where a hard drive was multi-track All sectors are the same size

Benefit of better storage space use Drawback of slower access time

Main types: CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD


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Tape Storage

Long plastic band with magnetic coating Organized into blocks separated by inter-

record gaps

Blocks store data Inter-record gaps help seeking

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Tape Storage

Tape access is linear. Tape must be wound until needed block is under the read/write head. Tapes are slow but can hold large amounts of data Used primarily as backups for hard drives

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Comparison

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Assignment for 09/14


Read Sections 1.4, 1.5 HW1 due Thurs. 14 (next class) Quiz1 now

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Main Memory

Want as much fast storage as possible But RAM is volatile Disk slower but larger and non-volatile Cost Engineering Why 1GB of RAM? 100 GB hard-drive?
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