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Cause and Effect Diagrams: Seven Quality Tools

Cause and effect diagrams, also known as Ishikawa diagrams or fishbone diagrams, are used to identify and analyze the potential causes of a particular effect or problem. The diagram organizes possible causes into major categories, typically with the effect or problem written at the head or right side of the diagram. Potential causes are then identified and listed under the appropriate categories. This structure helps ensure all possible contributing factors are considered and the root causes can be determined. An example given demonstrates using a cause and effect diagram to identify factors that could lead to incorrect product deliveries before they occur.

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Amalia Kis
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57 views16 pages

Cause and Effect Diagrams: Seven Quality Tools

Cause and effect diagrams, also known as Ishikawa diagrams or fishbone diagrams, are used to identify and analyze the potential causes of a particular effect or problem. The diagram organizes possible causes into major categories, typically with the effect or problem written at the head or right side of the diagram. Potential causes are then identified and listed under the appropriate categories. This structure helps ensure all possible contributing factors are considered and the root causes can be determined. An example given demonstrates using a cause and effect diagram to identify factors that could lead to incorrect product deliveries before they occur.

Uploaded by

Amalia Kis
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAMS

Seven Quality Tools

Definition
Scatter

Diagrams are used to study and identify the possible relationship between the changes observed in two different sets of variables.

Scatter Diagrams
25 20 15 10 5 0 0 20 40 60 80

Time Cooking (minutes)

How to Construct it?


First,

collect two pieces of data and create a summary table of the data. Draw a diagram labeling the horizontal and vertical axes.

It is common that the cause variable be labeled on the X axis and the effect variable be labeled on the Y axis.

Plot

the data pairs on the diagram. Interpret the scatter diagram for direction and strength.

CASE
A

scatter diagram can be used to identify the relationship between the production speed of an operation and the number of defective parts made.

Displaying

the direction of the relationship will determine whether increasing the assembly line speed will increase or decrease the number of defective parts made. Also, the strength of the relationship between the assembly line speed and the number of defective parts produced is determined.

CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAMS


Seven Quality Tools

Definition
The

cause and effect diagram is also called the

Ishikawa diagram or the fishbone diagram.


It

is a tool for discovering all the possible causes

for a particular effect.


The

major purpose of this

diagram is to act as a first step in problem solving by creating a list of possible causes.

How to Constructing?
First,

clearly identify and define the problem or effect for which the causes must be identified. Place the problem or effect at the right or the head of the diagram. Identify all the broad areas of the problem. Write in all the detailed possible causes in each of the broad areas. Each cause identified should be looked upon for further more specific causes. View the diagram and evaluate the main causes. Set goals and take action on the main

When a it Can Be Used?


The Example
This

diagram can be used to detect the

problem of incorrect deliveries. When a production team is about to launch a new product, the factors that will affect the final product must be recognized. The fishbone diagram can depict problems BEFORE they have a chance to begin.

CASE : Incorrect Deliveries Example:

The Benefits

Helps determine root causes Encourages group participation Uses an orderly, easy-to-read format Indicates possible causes of variation Increases process knowledge

Identifies areas for collecting data

CONTROL CHARTS
Seven Quality Tools

Definition
Control

charts are used to determine whether a process will produce a product or service with consistent measurable properties.

How to Develop it?


Identify

critical operations in the process where inspection might be needed. Identify critical product characteristics. Determine whether the critical product characteristic is a variable or an attribute. Select the appropriate process control chart. Establish the control limits and use the chart to monitor and improve. Update the limits.

Case : Defective Products or Services

An Example
Counting

the number of defective products or

services
Do

you count the number of defects in a given product or service? Is the number of units checked or tested constant?

Control Charts
Upper Limit

Lower Limit

Unacceptable deviation

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