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BEX20903 Chapter 1 EMT

1) Electromagnetism is the study of electric and magnetic fields and their interactions. It describes how electric currents produce magnetic fields and how changing magnetic fields induce electric currents. 2) When current passes through a conductor, it generates a magnetic field around the conductor. This phenomenon is called electromagnetism. 3) Electric current, electric fields, conductors, and magnetic fields are interrelated. Electric current produces magnetic fields, and changing magnetic fields induce electric currents.

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174 views18 pages

BEX20903 Chapter 1 EMT

1) Electromagnetism is the study of electric and magnetic fields and their interactions. It describes how electric currents produce magnetic fields and how changing magnetic fields induce electric currents. 2) When current passes through a conductor, it generates a magnetic field around the conductor. This phenomenon is called electromagnetism. 3) Electric current, electric fields, conductors, and magnetic fields are interrelated. Electric current produces magnetic fields, and changing magnetic fields induce electric currents.

Uploaded by

Hameed Sarea
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REVIEW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC

CHAPTER 1
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS & WAVES BEX 20903

Chapter 1: Review of Electromagnetic


Electromagnetism Introduction Generation Measurement Unit The Fundamental SI Units Units in Electromagnetic Current Conductor Magnetic Field

Introduction
Electromagnetic (EM) principles govern all electrical and electronic engineering systems. Electrical devices such as transformer, electrical relay, radio /TV, telephone, electric motor and generator operate due to the effect of magnetism and electromagnetism. It is important to understand the EM principle in order to properly design modern electrical systems and devices. Electromagnetic is the study of electric & magnetic phenomenon It consists of 3 branches: Electrostatic fields, which are produced by stationary electric charges, q. Magnetostatic fields, which are due to steady currents flow. Electromagnetic fields or waves, which are due to timevarying currents.

Introduction
In electromagnetic: Electric and magnetic fields remain independent as long as both are static. However, when either field become dynamic, they become inextricably couple. A time-varying electric field induces a time-varying magnetic field and vice versa.

Introduction
What is Electromagnetism? When current passes through a conductor, magnetic field will be generated around the conductor and the conductor become a magnet. This phenomenon is called electromagnetism. This means that, electromagnetism is magnetism which is brought about due to electrical current flow. Magnetism is the property of some materials in their natural state will attract small pieces of iron. What is Electromagnet? An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by a flow of electric current. The magnetic field disappears when the current ceases.

Introduction
What is Magnet? A magnet has 2 poles; the North Pole and the South Pole. There is a magnetic field surrounding the magnet. It can attract certain type of metal. The metals that can be attracted by a magnet are called the magnetic materials of ferromagnetic materials. E.g. iron, steel, nickel and cobalt.

Magnet may be a permanent or temporary.


Permanent Magnet >> Magnetite or lodestone Temporary Magnet >> Electromagnet. It is made by winding a coil of insulated wire round a soft iron core.

Generation of Electromagnetism

Units of Measurement
Units of measurement are an important aspect of scientific calculations. The SI units system is the standard system used in Malaysia and most other countries. The SI system is based on seven fundamental units. The electric and magnetic quantities can be defined and derived with reference to the fundamental units.

Fundamental SI Units

Quantity
Length Mass Time Electric Current

Unit Name
meter kilogram seconds ampere

Unit Symbol
m kg s A

Temperature
Luminous Intensity Amount of Substance

kelvin
candela mole

K
Cd mol

Units in Electromagnetic
Quantity Quantity Name Symbol Electric charge q Force F Permittivity Electric field intensity E Electric flux density D Electric potential V Energy W Frequency f Power P Resistance R Torque T Conductivity Current density J Admittance Y Capasitance C Energy density Magnetic field intensity H Impedance Magnetic flux Magnetic flux density B Permeability Inductance L Magnetic potential (vector) A Unit Name coulomb newton farad per meter volt per meter coulomb per meter-square volt joule hertz watt ohm newton-meter siemens per meter ampere per meter-square siemens farad joule per meter-ciub ampere per meter ohm weber tesla henry per meter henry weber per meter Unit Symbol C N F/m V/m Base Units kg m s 0 0 1 1 1 -2 -1 -3 4 1 1 -3 0 -2 1 1 2 -3 1 2 -2 0 0 -1 1 2 -3 1 2 -3 1 2 -2 -1 -3 3 0 -2 0 -1 -2 3 -1 -2 4 1 -1 -2 0 -1 0 1 2 -3 A 1 0 2 -1 1 -1 0 0 0 -2 0 2 1 2 2 0 1 -2

C/m 2
V J Hz W N.m S/m

A/m
S F

J/m
A/m Wb T H/m H Wb/m

Electric Field, Current, Conductor & Magnetic Field


Electric field, current, conductor, and magnetic field are interrelated with each other.

Electric current -q

Conductor Magnetic field

Electric Field Every charge, q produces electric field surround it

Electric field

+q

-q

Electric Current
Electric current, I is generally caused by the motion of the electric charges.

q Current I t
Electric current -q Conductor

Conductor
Conductors allow charges to move freely. Thus, current can flow through conductor. Conductors: all metals (e.g.: silver, copper, aluminum, iron), electrolytes, and plasma.

Electric Current Magnetic Field


Electric current induces magnetic field. In 1820, Oersted demonstrated that an electric current exerts a force on a compass needle.

Magnetic Field Electric Field


In 1831, Faraday discovers that the changing magnetic field induce electromotive force (emf). The galvanometer deflects whenever time-varying magnetic field passing through the loop.

Magnetic Field
Strength of the Magnetic Field: A stronger current will produce a stronger magnetic field around the wire. The field strength decreases out as you move further out.

Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field Pattern:

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