Program Integrated Assignment Group-01

DESIGN OF LECTURE HALL

Group Members

09-54 -W.U.IRESHA 09-48 -A.M.K.ADEEPA 09-128-K.P.K.VIRANTHA 09-207-K.D.C.NIMALKA 09-157-E.W.P.C.S.EDIRIWEERA 09-118-S.M.M.K.FERNANDO 09-76 -H.M.H.K.HERATH 09-120-D.S.ARIYARATHNA 09-86 -T.N.EKANAYAKE 09-64 -U.M.G.G.S.D.S.UDAKUMBURA
2

Project Outline and Content

Objective Design Guidelines
Location Entrances Information Transfer & Display Writing Boards Projection Screens Seating rake, Aisles and Visibility Physical access and movement Architectural and Environmental Standards Ambience Finishes Furniture Fittings Lighting & Electricity Supply
3

Objective of The Project

To facilitate learning spaces to the growing number of students Provide comfortable seating with large work surfaces Encourage interactive learning Add multimedia audio visual systems with good sight lines Improve access for all persons Increase flexibility to respond to future needs
4

Design Guidelines
Location Lecture hall should be isolated from external and internal sources of noise. The location of learning room in relation to the natural light should also be considered. Room with windows facing north can be more easily designed to provide adequate blackout capability and energy efficiency.

Design Guidelines
Entrances Entrances should be located to avoid student traffic passing through non-instructional areas. The flow of students in and out of rooms should be taken to account when determining the size of the entrance and exits. Vision panels in entrance doors should be provides.

Information Transfer and Display

The success of the lecture hall as a teaching space could be measured by its ability to support and enhance teaching. It may be stated broadly that spaces, which are comfortable and pleasant, will provide a good environment for the acquisition of knowledge. More specifically, generous access, comfortable seating, clean sight lines, good lighting, articulate sound, appropriate scale, pleasant spatial forms, colors and textures, etc. all contribute to the success of a teaching space.
7

Hall Size and Proportioning

Facts that should be considered when designing a room with good sight lines and efficient seating layouts: Determine number of screens based on seating capacity, room type, and teaching goals. Determine the general location, size, and orientation of each screen and the seating area. Insure the instructor area meets the minimum dimensions in this guidance. Draw viewing angles from each screen and insure all seats are within them. Determine optimum width and depth of the seating area based on seat spacing guidance. Determine the location and size of access aisles. Then decide where the walls of the learning room should be located.
8

Writing Boards
Writing boards are required in most lecture theatres, though it is important to note that use of these in larger spaces should be discouraged, as distant students are unable to read the written information. It is desirable to maintain ready access to the boards when other media are in use. Designers of new theatres should provide multiple imaging and display areas, with easy access to writing boards at any time.

Writing Boards
Fixed-height marker boards shall be mounted with the bottom edge 42-inches above the floor to allow students in the rear

rows of seats to see more of the boards. They shall: Have a low-gloss white porcelain-enamel steel surface that is easy to clean. Be illuminated by lights on a separate switch that do not spill over onto screens, other marker boards, or the wall behind them. Have a continuous marker tray below the marker board surface and a wall-mounted holder nearby that is large enough for six markers and an eraser.
10

Projection Screens
Projection display techniques are increasingly being used in University teaching. Such techniques present magnified images to the audience on projection screens. The following projection facilities are provided in lecture hall : Computer Data Projection (ceiling mounted) A4 Overhead Transparency Projection Planning for projection display requires consideration of the most distant viewer situated at the most acute angle to the screen. The toughest task is the projection of computer information, which is normally designed to be read quite close to the screen.
11

The following rules were obeyed during the design concept for project screens:
1.

2.
3. 4. 5.

Furthest Student. No student should be positioned further than six screen height multiples from the projection screen. Closest Student. No student should be positioned closer than two screen height multiples to the projection screen. Horizontal Viewing Angle. Students should be positioned within an arc of 45 degrees off the centerline of projection. Screen Position. The base of the screen should generally be at least 1.35 m clear of the floor at the front of the lecture theatre. Vertical Viewing Angle. Students should be limited to 15 degrees maximum head tilt excursion above horizontal, to reference the center of the projection screen.
12

13

To provide good sight lines to projection screens, ceilings in classrooms with tiered floor should be at least 11 feet high in front of the screens to insure that light from the projector will not be in the instructors eyes.

14

Seating rake, Aisle and Visibility

The lecture hall floor should be raked to provide a clear view of the

display areas and the presenter from every seat. The rake is preferably provided by tiering of the theatre floor. Each tier or step should be a minimum of 6. More aggressive tiering can be provided, however it usually creates projection and screen viewing problems it should be contemplated only in very small theatres or where existing conditions must be retained. It is generally accepted that center aisles should be avoided, as the best viewing seats will be lost. The location of aisles however will be determined not only by sightlines considerations but also by the requirements for good access both between the rows and to and from the theatre.
15

Physical Access and Movement

Well designed lecture halls permit comfortable access and egress. Designers must comply with the requirements of the Building Code in matters such

as aisle widths, distance to aisles and exits, seating row spacing, and disabled persons access.
Designers should be mindful of other considerations which affect the physical

access and movement such as foyer or lobby spaces, door locations and seating row lengths.
A sufficient number of doors are to be provided for a maximum clearance time of 5

minutes for quick and efficient changeover between lectures.

The front row of seats is to be at the same floor level as the adjacent entry doors

for disabled persons access.

Wheelchair spaces must be located towards the center front row rather than near

the side.
16

Architectural and Environmental Standards

Ambiance Lecture Halls should be designed to be attractive and comfortable spaces. Experience suggests some correlation between high lecture attendance and well designed lecture halls. The form of the spaces should generally suit the function. There should be minimal fenestration to walls near or at the front of the theatre so as not to detract from the main focal point i.e. Lecturer and boards and screens. Care should be taken, however, to design spaces which are not merely functional. Design solutions should be attractive architecturally and should, where possible, allow for the later inclusion of works of art. Colors should be chosen to suit the character of the space. Light colors are generally preferable but care must be taken to avoid glare on whiteboards and projection screens.
17

Floors Carpets are required in all teaching spaces for acoustic and aesthetic reasons. The direct stick method generally increases carpet life and is a more practical method of carpeting stepped floors. On the nosings of stepped aisles and stairs, use "Protect A Tread" safety stair nosing, with bull nose edge and insert strips in keeping with the carpet color.

18

Walls
In general wall surfaces should be durable and easy to clean. The lower portion of the wall should be constructed from or lined with hardwearing

materials, resistant to scuffing and scratching, e.g. masonry (with ant graffiti treatment) or laminate finish.
Where plasterboard or plaster-glass is used, high quality workmanship is necessary to

produce a level and straight surface in particular near the front of the theatre which may regularly be highlighted by spotlights, board lights, and the like.
These materials, particularly plasterboard, should only be used where impact damage

is unlikely.
Acoustic panels may be required on side and back walls. The Consultant may choose

to integrate panels into the general fenestration and design context of the hall.
Maintenance and cleaning ability of acoustic panels is critical.
19

Ceilings A number of appropriate options are available in the selection of materials for ceilings; however, particular care should be taken in the finish of plasterboard or plaster glass ceilings particularly if up lighting is to be used. If adequate room is available the ceiling space should be easily accessible for servicing of light fittings and mechanical equipment, in preference to using scaffolding within the space.

20

Furniture
Seating and Writing Surfaces In lecture halls, fixed work surfaces can be arranged to allow students to more easily communicate with each other and the instructor. This is encouraged as long as good sight lines to screens and marker boards are provided. Insure all students can see all screens, the front rows can also be arranged to encourage interactive discussion when the room is not full. Remaining seats are normally arranged in a gentle arc within the viewing angles of all of the projection screens.
21

Recommended Seat Spacing

Continuous work surfaces with movable chairs:
36 inches apart - rows with up to 20 seats 38 inches apart - rows with 21-24 seats

Access aisles:
Minimum 36 inch-wide aisle leading to front of room. Minimum 28-inch-wide aisles in other locations.

Rationale: Following this seat spacing guidance will provide adequate spatial comfort and:
Allow students who arrive late to find seats easily with minimum disruption. Insures wheelchair users can reach their workstations and the front of the room.
22

23

Instructor Workstations
Learning rooms will include instructor workstations designed to accommodate: Computer-based audio-visual systems and other commonly-used audiovisual components. Instructors who are standing, seated, or using a wheelchair. Key workstation design features and location considerations are as follows: Workstations shall be oriented to allow instructors to maintain eye contact with students while using keyboards and allow students to see projected media. In rooms with one screen, an instructor workstation on the left side of the instructor area, marker boards in the center, and a screen in the right corner usually works well.

24

In large rooms with multiple screens, a workstation located on the left side of the instructor area, near the marker board and overhead projectors, usually works well, but a more central location may be preferable in some rooms. Tables used for panel discussions or references are also needed.

Work surfaces and audio-visual components shall not block views of screens and marker boards.
34 inches above floormaximum height of work surfaces. 41 inches above floormaximum height of monitors/task lights/other components.

Work stations shall accommodate instructors who stand, sit, or use a wheelchair.
Provide accessible route to workstations. Minimum knee clearance: 27 inches high, 18 inches wide (avoid keyboard trays). PC keyboard/mouse/controls within easy reach of instructors.

Control panel for A/V system in easy reach of instructors.

Height of instructors seat easily adjusted - 19 to 27 inches above floor. Instructors chair has integral footrest and can be easily moved.
25

26

Fittings
Ceiling-Mounted Projectors Lecture hall shall have ceiling-mounted projectors, regardless of room size. To keep pace with current technology, audio-visual consultants shall specify projectors that meet current criteria.

Performance goals include:

Low noise level.

Uniformly bright, clear images with good resolution and excellent color rendition. Compatibility with other audio-visual components.

Reliability; availability and cost of replacement parts.

Compact size to avoid blocking views of screens and marker boards.

27

Overhead (Transparency) Projectors Projectors shall: Have a compact wide-angle lens that projects an image with a six-foot diagonal from a distance of six feet. Have an installed spare bulb that the user can activate by a lever or switch. Be designed to fit inside the recess of the projector cart with the glass surface at the same height as the work surfaces of the cart. Insure switch is easily reached. Have a warm neutral color (example: charcoal gray)
28

Audio Systems All learning rooms accommodating at least 15 students shall contain an audio amplification system and speakers. Clocks If deemed necessary, clocks should be installed in the lecture hall, primarily for reference by the lecturer. Clocks should be mounted on the rear wall or on the side walls towards the rear.
29

Lighting and Electrical Power

Lighting and electrical power systems shall:
Be energy-efficient. Be easy to maintain and modify. Provide appropriate lighting levels for all room activities that are easy to control.

Provide natural lighting and window coverings as follows:

Natural light is available (not excessive) in all learning rooms except distance learning. Locate windows away from projected images; avoid skylights and clerestory windows. Window coverings that reduce light intensity and glare when full darkening is not

required.
Opaque window coverings that reduce light levels to 2 foot-candles

Window coverings that are easy to open and close and do not jam.

30

Avoid light that creates glare or reflections on computer screens: Use indirect natural and artificial lighting in computer instruction. Use indirect or parabolic fluorescent lights in other learning rooms. Avoid placing lights behind instructor workstations.

Increase energy efficiency and the ability to see projected images by using: Lighting controls that automatically turn off lights in vacant rooms Energy-efficient dimmable lighting for seating areas Light fixtures that dont block views of:
Screens, marker boards, or instructors Light paths from projectors
31

 Lighting zones and levels appropriate for each area of the

room :
Avoid lights in front of projection screens Lower light levels in corridors and instructor areas, and on

ramps and tiered floors Task light for instructor work stations that avoid light spillover to screens/monitors Lights focused on marker boards that do not wash out screen images Safety lights that remain on when other lights are off, but do not illuminate screens
32

33

Controls
Provide lighting and audio-visual system controls that are easy to use:

Pre-set light levels on the audio-visual control system menu. Wall-mounted switch for seating area lights near each entrance door. Wall switches in one area near the instructor workstation, mounted 48 above the floor. Dimmer switches that allow lights to be turned fully on, dimmed, or off. On-off switches for marker board lights. Up-off-down switches for projection screens and electrically-operated shades. Switches shall not have to be held in the up or down position to make screens or shades move, and can stop them at any point. Brushed stainless steel faceplates with engraved black letters that identify functions. Arrange switches as illustrated in the diagram on the next page.

The wall-mounted switch set and audio-visual smart control system must be coordinated during design so that they remain operable at all times. Leaving either one in any position or condition must not prevent the other from functioning normally and fully.
34

35

36

37

38

39