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Implementation of A Phased Array Antenna For The 2.45 GHZ Ism Band

This document discusses the implementation of a phased array antenna for the 2.45 GHz ISM band. It covers topics such as measurement of radiation patterns using spherical coordinates, various antenna range configurations including fixed-line-of-sight and movable-line-of-sight, characterization of antenna radiation fields, considerations for measurements, and different types of near-field and far-field antenna measurements. The document also discusses anechoic chambers for simulating free-space conditions without electromagnetic contamination.

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51 views23 pages

Implementation of A Phased Array Antenna For The 2.45 GHZ Ism Band

This document discusses the implementation of a phased array antenna for the 2.45 GHz ISM band. It covers topics such as measurement of radiation patterns using spherical coordinates, various antenna range configurations including fixed-line-of-sight and movable-line-of-sight, characterization of antenna radiation fields, considerations for measurements, and different types of near-field and far-field antenna measurements. The document also discusses anechoic chambers for simulating free-space conditions without electromagnetic contamination.

Uploaded by

Reddy Babu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Implementation of a phased array antenna for the 2.

45 GHz ISM band


Undergrad thesis

Presented By: Alejandro Fuentes Ricardo Prez

260725 260769

National university of Colombia GMUN - CMUN group Conrad project and our project logos. 2008 http://gmun.unal.edu.co/cmun

Source: [1]

Block diagram for field test setup

UNAL 2008 Page 2

Measurements of radiation patterns


Use standard spherical coordinate system for antenna measurements.

Source: [2]

UNAL 2008 Page 3

Basic antenna-range configurations

Fixed-line-of-sight

The test antenna is rotated about a appropriate axis.

Movable-line-of-sight

The source antenna is moved trough to the circumference centered at the phase center of the test antenna.

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Antenna radiation field characterization

Characterize completely measure: relative amplitude, relative phase, polarization and power gain. Characterize is function of space coordinates. R is fixed and , are variables in a given radiation pattern. Frecuency of operation is a parameter.

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Considerations

The coupling between source and test antennas. The transverse and longitudinal amplitude taper of the illuminating wave front. The phase curvature of the illuminating wave front. Interference from spurious radiating sources.

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FAR-FIELD MEASUREMENTS

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Elevated range (free-space)

Source: [4]

Use when test and source antennas are located on roofs or towers, etc. Design over a flat area.
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Slant range (free-space)

Source: [2]

Use less land than elevated range. Be careful with materials of tower.
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Compact range (free-space)

Source: [4]

Create uniform plane wave in short distances.

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Ground reflection range

Source: [4]

Use reflections to create constructive interference.


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Considerations

Elevation range is common in medium size antennas measurement. The compact range is limited by antenna size and low operation frequency range. In outdoor ranges external signals cause measurement errors, this effects can be eliminated by sharp filters.

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NEAR-FIELD MEASUREMENTS

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Types

Planar near-field

Cylindrical near-field
Spherical near-field

1. Separation between source and test antenna about 4 or 10 wavelengths. 2. Use small RF antenna as source antenna.

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Planar near-field measurement

Source: [4]

Scan in X and Y coordinates. Source antenna moves with precision at the XY plane.

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Cylindrical near-field measurement

Source: [4]

AUT (Antenna Under Test) gives . Source antenna moves linearly. Accurately angular coverage for pattern.
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Spherical near-field measurement

Source: [4]

AUT gives around Z axis for variable . Source antenna is fixed in space.

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ANECHOIC CHAMBER

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Anechoic chamber
Overview
Purpose

Simulate free-space without electromagnetic contamination. Ideal measurement: uniform plane wave.
Types

Rectangular anechoic chamber


Tapered anechoic chamber

Free-space ranges: null effects of


surroundings

Reflections ranges: use reflections to


produce plane wave.

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Types

Rectangular anechoic chamber

Tapered anechoic chamber

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Rectangular anechoic chamber


Free-space conditions Reflect energy to test region

No part of Main lobe is incident upon sidewalls, ceiling and floor.

Where:
R: Separation between source and test antennas W: Width or height of chamber

Source: [2]

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Tapered anechoic chamber


Reflections from sidewalls contribute to field. Source antenna position is determined experimentally

High frequencies become more difficult to place source antenna near to the apex.

Where: ht: Perpendicular distance from source antenna to chamber wall R: Separation between source and test antennas hr: Perpendicular distance from test antenna to chamber wall
Source: [2]

: Wavelength

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References

1. 2. 3. 4.

M. Golio, The RF an microwave handbook, CRC press LLC, 2001, ch. 6, seccin 6.9. Antenna standards committee, "IEEE standard test procedures for antennas," ANSI/IEEE Std 149-1979, 19 Dec 1979. Orbit/fr Inc, Intorduction to antenna measurement, http://www.home.agilent.com/upload/cmc_upload/All/ORFR-Theory.pdf J. A. Fordham, An Introduction to antenna test ranges, measurements and Instrumentation, Microwave instrumentations technologies, http://www.lehmaninc.com/pdf/mag.pdf

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