Overview
SAP Basis Functions
Learning Objectives
What the Basis system is How does SAP handle a transaction request Differentiating between the various work processes Understanding the basic functions of the Basis Module
SAP Technical Overview
The Software-Oriented View of R/3
SAP Technical Overview
The SAP R/3 System Architecture
Implications for Application Programming
Separate presentation and application layers implies that when you run an application program that requires user interaction, control of the program is continually passed backwards and forwards between layers. When a screen is ready for user input, the presentation layer is active, and the application server is inactive with regard to that particular program. As a consequence, the program logic in an application program that occurs between two screens is known as a DIALOG STEP. SAP Technical Overview
SAP Technical Overview
The SAP R/3 System Architecture Application Layer (cont.)
Application Server
R/3 programs run on application servers The APPLICATION SERVER communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using a MESSAGE SERVER. Main components: Work Processes (Dialog, Update, Enqueue, Batch, Spool) Dispatcher Gateway SAP Technical Message Server Overview
What happens when I send a request to SAP?
Application Server
Presentation . . . Internet
SAPGUI SAPGUI Office Internet
TCP/IP
Communication
Application
Dispatcher
IPC
Local Buffer
for R/3 Data,
Workprocess
Workprocess
Workprocess
DW-Objects, ABAP-Objects
Remote SQL
Database
SAP Technical Overview
Dispatcher
Program which manages resources of the R/3 applications Receives requests from user and passes them to the corresponding work processes Only one dispatcher per application server
SAP Technical Overview
Dispatcher Tasks
Balances the workload between the processes Buffer management in main memory Connection with the presentation level Organization of the communication processes
SAP Technical Overview
Work Process
Responsible for executing R/3 application tasks
Task Handler ABAP/4 Processor Dialog Interpreter Database Interface
Work Process
SAP Technical Overview
Different Kind of Work Processes for different Tasks
Dialog Update Message V
M
Batch
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4
SAP Dispatcher
1 2 3
Enqueue E
12
Spool
S Gateway
R/2
R/3
SAP Technical Overview
Dialog Work Processes
Responsible for the interactive tasks of the R/3 system Dialog work processes execute only one dialog step at a time and are immediately freed for the next user request Constantly switching between users
SAP Technical Overview
Dialog
Background Work Processes
Responsible for executing ABAP programs submitted for background execution Batch jobs schedule the sequence of program execution Used for running long and time consuming programs
SAP Technical Overview
Batch
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4
12
1 2 3
Spool Work Processes
Responsible for formatting the data for printing and passing it to the host spool system Only one spool work process allowed per server
SAP Technical Overview
Spool
Enqueue Work Processes
Enqueue
Responsible for the lock management system Synchronizes database access for the multiple application servers and work processes Only one enqueue process per R/3 system to ensure data integrity
SAP Technical Overview
Update Work Processes
Update V
Responsible for making database changes requested by dialog and background processes For better performance, this process should be on the database server
SAP Technical Overview
V1 vs. V2 Update Processes
Update V
Time-critical processes are inside V1 and less critical ones within V2 Error situations in
V1 : changes rolled back and V2 components not executed V2 : only changes of V2 components rolled back
SAP Technical Overview
Message Server
Message
Used by different application servers to exchange data and internal messages Routes messages, such as update or batch job starts, between application servers One message server per system
SAP Technical Overview
Gateway Server
Gateway
R/2
R/3
Allows communication between R/3, R/2, and external applications Exchanges large amounts of information between application servers Gateway can reside on any of the connected systems
SAP Technical Overview
Work Processes
Number of work processes can only be changed after restarting the system Should have at least two dialog work processes Need to have at least one V1 and V2 processes Number of spool processes cannot be changed
SAP Technical Overview
Application Server
Presentation . . . Internet
SAPGUI SAPGUI Office Internet
TCP/I P
Communication
Application
Dispatcher
IPC
Local Buffer
for R/3 Data,
Workprocess
Workprocess
Workprocess
DW-Objects, ABAP-Objects
Remote SQL
Database
SAP Technical Overview
Processing of a SAP Transaction (1)
Presentation . . . Internet
SAPGUI
TCP/I P
1 Start Transaction 5
Assign User request to Workprocess
Communication
Application
2
IPC
Return data for next step
Dispatcher
Work3 process for R/3 Data, Local Buffer
Fetch data from buffer/database
Workprocess
Workprocess
DW-Objects, ABAP-Objects
Remote SQL
Database
SAP Technical Overview
Processing of a SAP Transaction (2)
Presentation . . . Internet
SAPGUI
TCP/IP
6 5
Application
2
IPC
Work3 process for R/3 Data, Local Buffer
Return data for Dispatcher next step 7 Assign User 9 request to Workprocess Work-
10
Communication
process 8
Workprocess
DW-Objects, ABAP-Objects
Remote SQL
Database
Fetch data from buffer/database
SAP Technical Overview
Processing of a SAP Transaction (3)
Presentation . . . Internet
SAPGUI
Request for update
TCP/IP
6 5
11 10 Dispatcher 7 9
Communication
Application
2
IPC
4
Work3 process for R/3 Data, Local Buffer
12 Workprocess
DW-Objects, ABAP-Objects
Workprocess 8
Remote SQL
Database
13
Update data on database
14
End transaction
SAP Technical Overview
SAP Communication Interfaces
Communication Interface
High Level Mail MAPI SMTP X.400 Business API ALE EDI IDOC
OLE SAP Technology RFC Q-API CPI-C
Low level
Communication System
SAP Technical Overview
Business Framework
Business Component
ALE
BAPI BAPI
Business Component
Business Component - contains business functionality BAPI - interface between the components ALE - integration of components
SAP Technical Overview
Business API (BAPI)
Defined method of a business object Standardized methods allow customers to integrate their software with R/3 Object-oriented in nature BAPIs from all development platforms that support the SAP Remote Function Call (RFC) protocol
SAP Technical Overview
Other Interfaces
Application Link Enabled (ALE) - Interface that links different SAP systems and external application systems
Transport special data structures known as IDOCS (Intermediate Documents)
Object Linking and Enabled (OLE) enables desktop users to access SAP data from many OLE client programs
SAP Technical Overview
Basic Functions of Basis
Basis Functions
Hardware and Database Administration User and Security Administration Client Maintenance Correction and Transport System (CTS) Data Dictionary Online Service System (OSS) Performance Monitoring and Tuning
SAP Technical Overview
Hardware and Database Administration
Hardware upgrades - adding memory or servers Database backup and recovery Database optimization Disaster Recovery
SAP Technical Overview
User Administration
Create users and assign profiles Modify, lock and unlock users Develop authorizations and profiles
SAP Technical Overview
Client Maintenance
Create clients Copy and refresh clients Client imports and exports Delete and remove clients Modify change options
SAP Technical Overview
Correction and Transport System
R/3 System R/3 System R/3 System
Change Request
Development
Quality Assurance
Production
Moving changes from one R/3 system to another
SAP Technical Overview
Online Service System (OSS)
OSS is a set of SAPs online services such as bug fixes and useful implementation information OSS Notes Hotpacks Remote Connections Send questions to SAP ABAP registration
SAP Technical Overview
Performance Monitoring and Tuning
Check database usage and storage capabilities Dialog response time Investigate ABAP short dumps Optimize performance characteristics
SAP Technical Overview
Computer Center Management System (CCMS)
Manages the entire system - database, application, operating system Collection of tools and utilities which allow you to monitor and manage the R/3 system Allows monitoring of multiple R/3 systems Comes FREE with each SAP system
SAP Technical Overview
Computer Center Management System (CCMS) functions
Starting and stopping instances Monitoring and analyzing workload Alert capabilities Operation modes and work process automatic reconfiguration Instance profile checking and maintenance Logon load balancing
SAP Technical Overview
