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Database: Neenu Prasad

A database is a collection of interrelated data , typically describing the activities of one or more related Organizations and is used for managing large bodies of information. Managing include efficient storage of information and retrieval of the stored information. By data, we mean known facts that can be recorded and that have implicit meaning. For example, consider the names, telephone numbers, and addresses of the people you know. For example, a university database might contain information about the following: • Entities such as students, faculty, courses, and classrooms. • Relationships between entities, such as students' enrolment in courses, faculty teaching courses, and the use of rooms for courses. . A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of programs that enables users to create and maintain a database or contains a set of interrelated data with set of programs to access the data. DBMS provides an environment that is both convenient and efficient to use. The DBMS is hence a general-purpose software system that facilitates the processes of defining, constructing, and manipulating databases for various applications. Defining a database involves specifying the data types, structures, and constraints for the data to be stored in the database. Constructing the database is the process of storing the data itself on some storage medium that is controlled by the DBMS. Manipulating a database includes such functions as querying the database to retrieve specific data, updating the database to reflect changes in the miniworld, and generating reports from the data. Well known DBMSs include • Oracle • IBM DB2 • Microsoft SQL Server • Microsoft Access • PostgreSQL • MySQL • SQLite

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194 views

Database: Neenu Prasad

A database is a collection of interrelated data , typically describing the activities of one or more related Organizations and is used for managing large bodies of information. Managing include efficient storage of information and retrieval of the stored information. By data, we mean known facts that can be recorded and that have implicit meaning. For example, consider the names, telephone numbers, and addresses of the people you know. For example, a university database might contain information about the following: • Entities such as students, faculty, courses, and classrooms. • Relationships between entities, such as students' enrolment in courses, faculty teaching courses, and the use of rooms for courses. . A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of programs that enables users to create and maintain a database or contains a set of interrelated data with set of programs to access the data. DBMS provides an environment that is both convenient and efficient to use. The DBMS is hence a general-purpose software system that facilitates the processes of defining, constructing, and manipulating databases for various applications. Defining a database involves specifying the data types, structures, and constraints for the data to be stored in the database. Constructing the database is the process of storing the data itself on some storage medium that is controlled by the DBMS. Manipulating a database includes such functions as querying the database to retrieve specific data, updating the database to reflect changes in the miniworld, and generating reports from the data. Well known DBMSs include • Oracle • IBM DB2 • Microsoft SQL Server • Microsoft Access • PostgreSQL • MySQL • SQLite

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neenu1
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DATABASE

Neenu Prasad

Definition
Data: facts that can be recorded and that have implicit
meaning.

A database is a collection of interrelated data , typically


describing the activities of one or more related

Organizations and is used for managing large bodies of


information. #

Example
A university database might contain information about the
following:

Entities such as students, faculty, courses, and classrooms.


Relationships between entities, such as students' enrolment in

courses, faculty teaching courses, and the use of rooms for


courses #

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS(DBMS)


general-purpose software system
Collection of inter related data programs to manage the data.

Well known DBMS


Oracle IBM DB2 Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft Access PostgreSQL MySQL SQLite
#

Users
Users are differentiated by the way they expect to interact
with the system..

Nave users :
They invoke one of the permanent application programs that

have been written previously.

Users
Sophisticated users : They form requests in a database query language.ie they interact with the systems without writing application

programs.
Application programmers : They are computer professionals who write the application programs. They can choose from many tools to develop user interfaces #

Database Administrator (DBA)


Coordinates all the activities of the database system.

good understanding of the enterprises information


resources and needs.

Functions of DBA
Schema definition

Storage structure and access method definition


Schema and physical organization modification Granting user authority to access the database Specifying integrity constraints Acting as liaison with users

Monitoring performance and responding to changes in


requirements #

Query Processing
It includes 1. Parsing and translation 2. Optimization 3. Evaluation

Cont
a) DDL Interpreter (Parsing and Translation): Interprets the DDL statements and records the definition in the data

dictionary. Data dictionary is a special type of table that can be accessed


and modified only by the DB itself. b) DML Complier (Query Optimisation):

Translates DML statements into an evaluation plan consisting of low level


instruction that query evaluation engine understand. c) Query Evaluation Engine (evaluation):

Executes the low level instructions generated by DML compiler.

Storage Manager
program module that provides the interface between the

low level data stored in db and application programs and


queries submitted to the system.

Storage Manager
Authorisation and integrity manager They performs tests for satisfaction of integrity constraints and checks for the authority of users to access data. Transaction manager

Ensures that the database remains in a consistent state.


File manager Manages the allocation of space on disk storage and the structures used

to represent information stored on disk.


Buffer Manager Responsible for fetching data from disk storage into main memory

APPLICATIONS OF DATABASES
Banking: all transactions Airlines: reservations, schedules Universities: registration, grades

Sales: customers, products, purchases


Online retailers: order tracking, customized recommendations Manufacturing: production, inventory, orders, supply chain #

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